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30 de junio de 2025
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Artículo

Euclid: V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: A comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission

Publicado en: Astronomy & Astrophysics. 697 A5- - 2025-04-30 697(), DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450853

Autores:

Castander, FJ; Fosalba, P; Stadel, J; Potter, D; Carretero, J; Tallada-Crespí, P; Pozzetti, L; Bolzonella, M; Mamon, GA; Blot, L; Hoffmann, K; Huertas-Company, M; Monaco, P; Gonzalez, EJ; De Lucia, G; Scarlata, C; Breton, MA; Linke, L; Viglione, C; Li, SS; Zhai, Z; Baghkhani, Z; Pardede, K; Neissner, C; Teyssier, R; Crocce, M; Tutusaus, I; Miller, L; Congedo, G; Biviano, A; Hirschmann, M; Pezzotta, A; Aussel, H; Hoekstra, H; Kitching, T; Percival, WJ; Guzzo, L; Mellier, Y; Oesch, PA; Bowler, RAA; Bruton, S; Allevato, V; Gonzalez-Perez, V; Manera, M; Avila, S; Kovacs, A; Aghanim, N; Altieri, B; Amara, A; Amendola, L; Andreon, S; Auricchio, N; Baccigalupi, C; Baldi, M; Balestra, A; Bardelli, S; Bender, R; Bernardeau, F; Bodendorf, C; Bonino, D; Branchini, E; Brescia, M; Brinchmann, J; Camera, S; Capobianco, V; Carbone, C; Casas, S; Castellano, M; Castignani, G; Cavuoti, S; Cimatti, A; Colodro-Conde, C; Conselice, CJ; Conversi, L; Copin, Y; Corcione, L; Courbin, F; Courtois, HM; Da Silva, A; Degaudenzi, H; Di Giorgio, AM; Dinis, J; Douspis, M; Dubath, F; Duncan, CAJ; Dupac, X; Dusini, S; Ealet, A; Farina, M; Farrens, S; Ferriol, S; Fotopoulou, S; Fourmanoit, N; Frailis, M; Franceschi, E; Franzetti, P; Galeotta, S; Gillard, W; Gillis, B; Giocoli, C; Gomez-Alvarez, P; Granett, BR; Grazian, A; Grupp, F; Haugan, SVH; Holliman, MS; Holmes, W; Hook, I; Hormuth, F; Hornstrup, A; Hudelot, P; Ilic, S; Jahnke, K; Jhabvala, M; Joachimi, B; Keihänen, E; Kermiche, S; Kiessling, A; Kilbinger, M; Kohley, R; Kubik, B; Kümmel, M; Kunz, M; Kurki-Suonio, H; Lahav, O; Laureijs, R; Le Mignant, D; Liebing, P; Ligori, S; Lilje, PB; Lindholm, V; Lloro, I; Maino, D; Maiorano, E; Mansutti, O; Marcin, S; Marggraf, O; Markovic, K; Martinelli, M; Martinet, N; Marulli, F; Massey, R; Masters, DC; Maurogordato, S; McCracken, HJ; Medinaceli, E; Mei, S; Melchior, M; Meneghetti, M; Merlin, E; Meylan, G; Mohr, JJ; Moresco, M; Moscardini, L; Munari, E; Nakajima, R; Nichol, RC; Niemi, SM; Padilla, C; Paech, K; Paltani, S; Pasian, F; Peacock, JA; Pedersen, K; Pettorino, V; Pires, S; Polenta, G; Poncet, M; Popa, LA; Raison, F; Rebolo, R; Renzi, A; Rhodes, J; Riccio, G; Romelli, E; Roncarelli, M; Rosset, C; Rossetti, E; Rusholme, B; Saglia, R; Sakr, Z; Sánchez, AG; Sapone, D; Schewtschenko, JA; Schirmer, M; Schneider, P; Schrabback, T; Scodeggio, M; Secroun, A; Sefusatti, E; Seidel, G; Serrano, S; Sirignano, C; Sirri, G; Stanco, L; Starck, JL; Steinwagner, J; Taylor, AN; Teplitz, HI; Tereno, I; Toledo-Moreo, R; Torradeflot, F; Tsyganov, A; Valenziano, L; Vassallo, T; Veropalumbo, A; Wang, Y; Weller, J; Zacchei, A; Zamorani, G; Zerbi, FM; Zoubian, J; Zucca, E; Boucaud, A; Bozzo, E; Burigana, C; Calabrese, M; Casenove, P; Di Ferdinando, D; Vigo, JAE; Fabbian, G; Finelli, F; Gracia-Carpio, J; Matthew, S; Mauri, N; Pontinen, M; Porciani, C; Scottez, V; Tenti, M; Viel, M; Wiesmann, M; Akrami, Y; Anselmi, S; Archidiacono, M; Atrio-Barandela, F; Aubourg, E; Balaguera-Antolinez, A; Ballardini, M; Bertacca, D; Bethermin, M; Blanchard, A; Bohringer, H; Borgani, S; Bouvard, T; Cabanac, R; Calabro, A; Quevedo, BC; Canas-Herrera, G; Cappi, A; Caro, F; Carvalho, CS; Castro, T; Chambers, KC; Contarini, S; Contini, T; Cooray, AR; Costanzi, M; Cucciati, O; Davini, S; De Caro, B; De la Torre, S; Desprez, G; Diaz-Sanchez, A; Diaz, JJ; Di Domizio, S; Dole, H; Escoffier, S; Ezziati, M; Ferrari, AG; Ferreira, PG; Ferrero, I; Finoguenov, A; Fontana, A; Fornari, F; Gabarra, L; Ganga, K; Garcia-Bellido, J; Gasparetto, T; Gaztanaga, E; Giacomini, F; Gianotti, F; Gonzalez, AH; Gozaliasl, G; Hall, A; Hartley, WG; Hildebrandt, H; Hjorth, J; Holland, AD; Ilbert, O; Joudaki, S; Jullo, E; Kajava, JJE; Kansal, V; Karagiannis, D; Kirkpatrick, CC; Le Graet, J; Legrand, L; Lesgourgues, J; Liaudat, TI; Loureiro, A; Macias-Perez, J; Magliocchetti, M; Mancini, C; Mannucci, F; Maoli, R; Martins, CJAP; Maurin, L; Metcalf, RB; Migliaccio, M; Miluzio, M; Mora, A; Moretti, C; Morgante, G; Nadathur, S; Nicastro, L; Walton, NA; Oguri, M; Patrizii, L; Popa, V; Pourtsidou, A; Reimberg, P; Risso, I; Rocci, PF; Rollins, RP; Sahlen, M; Schaye, J; Schneider, A; Schultheis, M; Sereno, M; Shankar, F; Shulevski, A; Silvestri, A; Simon, P; Mancini, AS; Stanford, SA; Tanidis, K; Tao, C; Tessore, N; Testera, G; Tewes, M; Toft, S; Tosi, S; Troja, A; Tucci, M; Valieri, C; Valiviita, J; Vergani, D; Vernizzi, F; Verza, G; Vielzeuf, P; Weaver, JR; Zalesky, L; Dimauro, P; Duc, PA; Fang, Y; Ferguson, AMN; Gutierrez, CM; Kovacic, I; Kruk, S; Le Brun, AMC; Montoro, A; Murray, C; Pagano, L; Paoletti, D; Sarpa, E; Viitanen, A; Martin-Fleitas, J; Scott, D; Yung, LYA
[+]

Afiliaciones

Aalto Univ, Dept Comp Sci, POB 15400, Espoo 00076, Finland - Autor o Coautor
Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Str Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France - Autor o Coautor
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France - Autor o Coautor
Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Augusto Righi, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
ARC Ctr Excellence Dark Matter Particle Phys, Melbourne, Australia - Autor o Coautor
Astron Observ Autonomous Reg Aosta Valley OAVdA, Loc Lignan 39, I-11020 Nus, Italy - Autor o Coautor
ASTRON, Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
ASTRON, NOVA Opt Infrared Instrumentat Grp, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
Aurora Technol European Space Agcy ESA, Camino Bajo Castillo,S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Campus UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain - Autor o Coautor
CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA - Autor o Coautor
CALTECH, IPAC, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA - Autor o Coautor
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA - Autor o Coautor
Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales - Autor o Coautor
Case Western Reserve Univ, CERCA ISO, Dept Phys, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA - Autor o Coautor
Chiba Univ, Ctr Frontier Sci, I-33 Yayoi Cho,Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan - Autor o Coautor
Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, I-33 Yayoi Cho,Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan - Autor o Coautor
CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, 98 Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France - Autor o Coautor
Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron Teor & Expt IATE, Laprida 854,X5000BGR, Cordoba, Argentina - Autor o Coautor
Cosm Dawn Ctr DAWN, Copenhagen, Denmark - Autor o Coautor
CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain - Autor o Coautor
CSIC, Inst Space Sci ICE, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans S-N, Barcelona 08193, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Ave Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, Ctr Spatial Toulouse, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France - Autor o Coautor
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Astrophys Lab, Inst Phys, Observ Sauverny, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland - Autor o Coautor
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Galaxy Evolut, Inst Phys, Observ Sauverny, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland - Autor o Coautor
ESAC ESA, Camino Bajo Castillo,Urb Villafranca Castillo s-n, Madrid 28692, Spain - Autor o Coautor
European Space Agcy ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, I-00044 Frascati, Italy - Autor o Coautor
European Space Agcy ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
Felix Hormuth Engn, Goethestr 17, D-69181 Leimen, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA - Autor o Coautor
FRACTAL SLNE, Calle Tulipan 2,Portal 13 1A, Las Rozas De Madrid 28231, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany - Autor o Coautor
HUN REN CSFK, Konkoly Observ, MTA Ctr Excellence, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary - Autor o Coautor
ICSC Ctr Nazl Ric High Performance Comp Big Data, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
IFPU Inst Fundamental Phys Universe, Via Beirut, I-34151 Trieste, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England - Autor o Coautor
INAF IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, I-20133 Milan, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Ist Astrofis & Planet Spaziali, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00100 Rome, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via Brera 28, I-20122 Milan, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Naples, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Via Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Via GB Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF, Ist Radioastron, Via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93-3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, I-40126 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Grp Collegato Parma, Viale Sci 7-A, I-43124 Parma, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sect Naples, Via Cinthia 6, I-80126 Naples, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sez Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sez Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sez Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sez Roma 2, Via Ric Sci 1, Rome, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sez Roma, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2,,Edificio G Marconi, I-00185 Rome, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sez Torino, Via P Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy - Autor o Coautor
INFN, Sez Trieste, Via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, TS, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Inst Astrofis Canarias, Calle Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38204, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Inst Astrophys Paris, 98 Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France - Autor o Coautor
Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, Edifici RDIT,Campus Upc, Barcelona 08860, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Inst Space Sci, Str Atomistilor 409, Magurele 077125, Ilfov, Romania - Autor o Coautor
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, I-40126 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Italian Space Agcy, Space Sci Data Ctr, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Einsteinweg 55, NL-2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fak Phys, Univ Sternwarte Munchen, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Schellingstr 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Boltzmannstr 8, D-85748 Garching, Germany - Autor o Coautor
MTA CSFK Lendulet Large Scale Struct Res Grp, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 15 17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary - Autor o Coautor
NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA - Autor o Coautor
New York Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA - Autor o Coautor
Observ Nacl, Rua Gen Jose Cristino, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil - Autor o Coautor
Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England - Autor o Coautor
Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L2Y5, Canada - Autor o Coautor
Port Informacio Cientif, Campus UAB,C Albareda s-n, Bellaterra 08193, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA - Autor o Coautor
Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England - Autor o Coautor
Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Particle Phys & Cosmol TTK, D-52056 Aachen, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Phys, London TW20 0EX, England - Autor o Coautor
Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst AIRUB, Fac Phys & Astron, German Ctr Cosmol Lensing GCCL, D-44780 Bochum, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Satlantis, Univ Sci Pk, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa Bilbao, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Serco European Space Agcy ESA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China - Autor o Coautor
Shanghai Key Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China - Autor o Coautor
SISSA, Int Sch Adv Studies, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, TS, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Sorbonne Univ, F-75014 Paris, France - Autor o Coautor
Sorbonne Univ, Observ Paris, Univ PSL, CNRS,LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France - Autor o Coautor
Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA - Autor o Coautor
St Marys Univ, Dept Astron & Phys, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada - Autor o Coautor
St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada - Autor o Coautor
Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden - Autor o Coautor
Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia - Autor o Coautor
Tech Univ Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark - Autor o Coautor
Thales Serv SAS, 290 Allee Lac, F-31670 Labege, France - Autor o Coautor
UAM, Inst Fis Teor, CSIC, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain - Autor o Coautor
UCB Lyon 1, IUF, CNRS,IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, 4 Rue Enrico Fermi, F-IP2I Villeurbanne, France - Autor o Coautor
UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark - Autor o Coautor
Univ Amsterdam, Astron Pannekoek Inst Anton, Postbus 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
Univ Appl Sci & Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Sch Engn, CH-5210 Windisch, Switzerland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, Serra Hunter Fellow, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid 28049, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Augusto Righi, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Piero Gobetti 93-2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Via Gobetti 93-2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Auf Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany - Autor o Coautor
Univ Bristol, Sch Phys, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ1, Canada - Autor o Coautor
Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys & Astron, Davis, CA 95616 USA - Autor o Coautor
Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA - Autor o Coautor
Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Catholique Lille, ICL, Junia, LITL, F-59000 Lille, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Chile, Dept Fis, FCFM, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile - Autor o Coautor
Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IP2I Lyon,UMR 5822, F-69100 Lyon, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DARK, Jagtvej 155, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark - Autor o Coautor
Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark - Autor o Coautor
Univ Cote Azur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, Observ Cote Azur, Bd Observ,CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Higgs Ctr Theoret Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Midlothian, Scotland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Estadual Paulista, ICTP South Amer Inst Fundamental Res, Inst Fis Teor, Sao Paulo, Brazil - Autor o Coautor
Univ Federico II, Dept Phys E Pancini, Via Cinthia 6, I-80126 Naples, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA - Autor o Coautor
Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Ch Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor & Ctr Astroparticle Phys, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium - Autor o Coautor
Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INP, LPSC,IN2P3,Grenoble INP, 53 Ave Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Groningen, Ctr Informat Technol, POB 11044, NL-9700 CA Groningen, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands - Autor o Coautor
Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA - Autor o Coautor
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Tech Str 25-8, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria - Autor o Coautor
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Ave Francisco Sanchez, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Lisbon, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias, Edificio C8, PT-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Lisbon, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, Fac Ciencias, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Lisbon, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA - Autor o Coautor
Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis Aldo Pontremoli, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA - Autor o Coautor
Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, POB 1029, N-0315 Oslo, Norway - Autor o Coautor
Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Paris Cite, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, F-75013 Paris, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, Inst Phys Theor, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, CEA,AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Politecn Cartagena, Dept Elect & Tecnol Computadoras, Plaza Hosp 1, Cartagena 30202, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Politecn Cartagena, Dept Fis Aplicada, Campus Muralla Mar, Cartagena 30202, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Porto, CAUP, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, Rua Estrelas, PT-4150762 Porto, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, Rua Estrelas, P-4150762 Porto, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Rua Campo Alegre, P-4150007 Porto, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ PSL, Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, Lab Univ & Theorie Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, Rome, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Salamanca, Dept Fis Fundamental, Plaza Merced S-N, Salamanca 37008, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, High Field Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ St Joseph, Fac Sci, Beirut, Lebanon - Autor o Coautor
Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, Observ Astronom Strasbourg, UMR 7550, F-67000 Strasbourg, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Surrey, Sch Math & Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England - Autor o Coautor
Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan - Autor o Coautor
Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Via P Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Toulouse, CNRS,UPS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol IRAP, CNES, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France - Autor o Coautor
Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Sez Astron, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy - Autor o Coautor
Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Vesilinnantie 5, Turku 20014, Finland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada - Autor o Coautor
Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Ctr Astrophys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada - Autor o Coautor
Univ Western Cape, Dept Phys & Astron, Cape Town, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa - Autor o Coautor
Univ Zurich, Dept Astrophys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland - Autor o Coautor
Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Theoret Astrophys, Box 515, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden - Autor o Coautor
XCAM Ltd, 2 Stone Circle Rd, Northampton NN3 8RF, England - Autor o Coautor
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Resumen

We present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breadth of Euclid's data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific exploitation. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion haloes in one octant of the sky in the lightcone up to redshift z = 3. We then populated these haloes with mock galaxies using a halo occupation distribution and abundance-matching approach, calibrating the free parameters of the galaxy mock against observed correlations and other basic galaxy properties. Modelled galaxy properties include luminosity and flux in several bands, redshifts, positions and velocities, spectral energy distributions, shapes and sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates, metallicities, emission line fluxes, and lensing properties. We selected a final sample of 3.4 billion galaxies with a magnitude cut of H-E < 26, where we are complete. We have performed a comprehensive set of validation tests to check the similarity to observational data and theoretical models. In particular, our catalogue is able to closely reproduce the main characteristics of the weak lensing and galaxy clustering samples to be used in the mission main cosmological analysis. Moreover, given its depth and completeness, this new galaxy mock also provides the community with a powerful tool for developing a wide range of scientific analyses beyond the Euclid mission.
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Palabras clave

Active galactic nucleiCatalogsCosmology: observationsGalaxies: evolutionGravitational lensing: weakH-alphaHalo occupation distributionLarge-scale structureLarge-scale structure of universLarge-scale structure of universeLuminosity functionMass-metallicity relationPhotometric redshiftsPower spectraStar-forming galaxiesVelocity dispersio

Indicios de calidad

Impacto bibliométrico. Análisis de la aportación y canal de difusión

El trabajo ha sido publicado en la revista Astronomy & Astrophysics debido a la progresión y el buen impacto que ha alcanzado en los últimos años, según la agencia WoS (JCR), se ha convertido en una referencia en su campo. En el año de publicación del trabajo, 2025, se encontraba en la posición 15/84, consiguiendo con ello situarse como revista Q1 (Primer Cuartil), en la categoría Astronomy & Astrophysics.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-04:

  • WoS: 11
  • Scopus: 14
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Impacto y visibilidad social

Desde la dimensión de Influencia o adopción social, y tomando como base las métricas asociadas a las menciones e interacciones proporcionadas por agencias especializadas en el cálculo de las denominadas “Métricas Alternativas o Sociales”, podemos destacar a fecha 2026-04-04:

  • El uso, desde el ámbito académico evidenciado por el indicador de la agencia Altmetric referido como agregaciones realizadas por el gestor bibliográfico personal Mendeley, nos da un total de: 27.
  • La utilización de esta aportación en marcadores, bifurcaciones de código, añadidos a listas de favoritos para una lectura recurrente, así como visualizaciones generales, indica que alguien está usando la publicación como base de su trabajo actual. Esto puede ser un indicador destacado de futuras citas más formales y académicas. Tal afirmación es avalada por el resultado del indicador “Capture” que arroja un total de: 27 (PlumX).

Con una intencionalidad más de divulgación y orientada a audiencias más generales podemos observar otras puntuaciones más globales como:

  • El Score total de Altmetric: 122.
  • El número de menciones en la red social X (antes Twitter): 53 (Altmetric).
  • El número de menciones en medios de comunicación: 7 (Altmetric).

Es fundamental presentar evidencias que respalden la plena alineación con los principios y directrices institucionales en torno a la Ciencia Abierta y la Conservación y Difusión del Patrimonio Intelectual. Un claro ejemplo de ello es:

  • El trabajo se ha enviado a una revista cuya política editorial permite la publicación en abierto Open Access.
  • Además, el trabajo se ha enviado a una revista clasificada como Diamante en relación con este tipo de política editorial.
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Análisis de liderazgo de los autores institucionales

Este trabajo se ha realizado con colaboración internacional, concretamente con investigadores de: Argentina; Australia; Austria; Belgium; Brazil; Canada; Chile; China; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Japan; Lebanon; Netherlands; Norway; Oman; Portugal; South African Republic; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom; United States of America.

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Reconocimientos ligados al ítem

FJC and PF acknowledge support form the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, projects PID2019-11317GB, PID2022-141079NB, PID2022-138896NB; the European Research Executive Agency HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 101086388 (LACE-GAL) and the programme Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, project CEX2020-001058-M. We acknowledge the support of the PRACE project (Call 17) "Simulating the Euclid Universe" for the computer time on the Piz Daint supercomputer at CSCS, Lugano, Switzerland, which made possible the world-leading Flagship 2 N-body simulation. The Port d'Informacio Cientifica (PIC) is maintained through a collaboration between CIEMAT and IFAE. This work has been supported by MCIN/AEI grant EQC2021-007479-P and European Union NextGenerationEU grant PRTR-C17.I1 and by Generalitat de Catalunya. This work has been partially funded by Premiale MITIC 2015. The Euclid Consortium acknowledges the European Space Agency and a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid, in particular the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Austrian Forschungsforderungsgesellschaft funded through BMK, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt, the DTU Space and the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark, the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norwegian Space Agency, the Research Council of Finland, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. A complete and detailed list is available on the Euclid web site (https://www.euclid-ec.org).
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