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Sanchez-Gonzalez, Maria CarmenAuthor

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Tear Film Stabilization and Symptom Improvement in Dry Eye Disease: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid and Trehalose Eyedrops versus Carmellose Sodium

Publicated to:Journal of Clinical Medicine. 12 (20): - 2023-10-01 12(20), DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206647

Authors: Sánchez-González, JM; Silva-Viguera, C; Sánchez-González, MC; Capote-Puente, R; De-Hita-Cantalejo, C; Ballesteros-Sánchez, A; Ballesteros-Durán, L; García-Romera, MC; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, E

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Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid and trehalose (HA/trehalose) eyedrops in managing dry eye disease (DED) symptoms by measuring tear stability and administering a DED questionnaire. Sixty patients were treated with either HA/trehalose eyedrops (Tear A) or carmellose sodium eyedrops (Tear B) as controls. The tear breakup time (TBUT) and non-invasive breakup time (NIBUT) were monitored, and patients completed the standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire. After two months of twice-daily applications, patients treated with the HA/trehalose eyedrops demonstrated significant improvements in the NIBUT (12.98 +/- 3.22 s) and TBUT (12.95 +/- 2.98 s), indicating increased tear stability. Moreover, they reported lower dry eye sensation (6.70 +/- 4.94 SPEED score points), suggesting a reduction in DED symptoms. These findings underscore the efficacy of HA/trehalose eyedrops in improving both the objective and subjective signs of DED, with twice-daily application enhancing ocular surface conditions and reducing patient-reported symptoms.

Keywords

artificial tearscarmellose sodiumdry eye diseasehyaluronic acidnon-invasive breakup timestandard patient evaluation of eye drynesssymptom managementtear breakup timetear film stabilityArtificial tearsCarmellose sodiumDry eye diseaseEpithelial-cellsHyaluronic acidNon-invasive breakup timeOcular surfaceStandard patient evaluation of eye drynessSymptom managementTear breakup timeTear film stabilityTrehalose

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal of Clinical Medicine due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 59/329, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Medicine, General & Internal.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.63, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-29, the following number of citations:

  • Scopus: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-29:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 10.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 10 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).