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Grant support

DA is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1746045. AF is partially supported by a Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS) Fellowship. WC is supported by the European Research Council under grant number 670193 and by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) AGP Grant ST/V000594/1. He further acknowledges the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A01 and CMS-CSST-2021-B01. KD acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2094 - 390783311 and through the COMPLEX project from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement ERC-2019-AdG 860744. GY acknowledges financial support from the MICIU/FEDER (Spain) under project grant PGC2018-094975C21.

Analysis of institutional authors

Cui, WgAuthorYepes, GAuthor

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February 21, 2022
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Galaxy velocity bias in cosmological simulations: towards per cent-level calibration

Publicated to:MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. 510 (2): 2980-+ - 2022-02-01 510(2), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab3587

Authors: Anbajagane, Dhayaa; Aung, Han; Evrard, August E.; Farahi, Arya; Nagai, Daisuke; Barnes, David J.; Cui, Weiguang; Dolag, Klaus; McCarthy, Ian G.; Rasia, Elena; Yepes, Gustavo;

Affiliations

IFPU Inst Fundamental Phys Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy - Author
Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England - Author
Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany - Author
MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, CIAFF, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor M8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA - Author
Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland - Author
Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA - Author
Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA - Author
Univ Michigan, Leinweber Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA - Author
Univ Michigan, Michigan Inst Data Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA - Author
Univ Observ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany - Author
Univ Texas Austin, Dept Stat & Data Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA - Author
Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA - Author
Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA - Author
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Abstract

Galaxy cluster masses, rich with cosmological information, can be estimated from internal dark matter (DM) velocity dispersions, which in turn can be observationally inferred from satellite galaxy velocities. However, galaxies are biased tracers of the DM, and the bias can vary over host halo and galaxy properties as well as time. We precisely calibrate the velocity bias, b(v) - defined as the ratio of galaxy and DM velocity dispersions - as a function of redshift, host halo mass, and galaxy stellar mass threshold (M-star,M-sat), for massive haloes (M-200c > 10(13.5) M-circle dot) from five cosmological simulations: IllustrisTNG, Magneticum, Bahamas + Macsis, The Three Hundred Project, and MultiDark Planck-2. We first compare scaling relations for galaxy and DM velocity dispersion across simulations; the former is estimated using a new ensemble velocity likelihood method that is unbiased for low galaxy counts per halo, while the latter uses a local linear regression. The simulations show consistent trends of b(v) increasing with M 200c and decreasing with redshift and M-star,M-sat. The ensemble-estimated theoretical uncertainty in b(v) is 2-3 per cent, but becomes percent-level when considering only the three highest resolution simulations. We update the mass-richness normalization for an SDSS redMaPPer cluster sample, and find our improved b(v) estimates reduce the normalization uncertainty from 22 to 8 per cent, demonstrating that dynamical mass estimation is competitive with weak lensing mass estimation. We discuss necessary steps for further improving this precision. Our estimates for b(v) (M-200c, M-star,M-sat,M- z) are made publicly available.

Keywords

ClustersDark-matterDigital sky surveyDispersionEvolutionGalaxies: haloesGalaxies: kinematics and dynamicsHalo occupation distributionHydrodynamical simulationsIllustristng simulationsLarge-scale structureLensing mass calibrationMethods: statistical

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 17/69, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Astronomy & Astrophysics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.41. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 3.53 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 6.41 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-09, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 11
  • Scopus: 18

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-09:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 19.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 19 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 8.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; United States of America.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (YEPES ALONSO, GUSTAVO).