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Review

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: A Comparative Analysis to Update AESAN Scientific Committee Dietary Recommendations

Publicated to:Nutrients. 13 (9): 3131- - 2021-09-01 13(9), DOI: 10.3390/nu13093131

Authors: Cámara M, Giner RM, González-Fandos E, López-García E, Mañes J, Portillo MP, Rafecas M, Domínguez L, Martínez JA

Affiliations

Departament de Nutrition, Food Science and Gastonomy, Faculty of Farmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. - Author
Department of Food Technology, CIVA Research Center, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 26006 Logroño, Spain. - Author
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. - Author
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. - Author
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain. - Author
IMDEA + CSIC/UAM y CIBEROBN, 28049 Madrid, Spain. - Author
Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. - Author
Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, and BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. - Author
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Abstract

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) include dietary recommendations based on food groups according to the general and accepted nutrition principles and current scientific evidence. Adoption of FBDG contributes to the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms, promotes human health, and reduces environmental impact. The present review aims to perform an international comparative analysis of the FBDG adopted in different countries from three different continents (America, Asia, and Europe), with particular reference to the Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency (AESAN, Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición) Scientific Committee dietary recommendations. A total of twelve countries with the most updated FBDG and/or closest to the traditional and cultural preferences of Spain were finally selected. All the reviewed FBDG provided recommendations for fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, milk and dairy products, meat and derivatives, fish, eggs, water, and oil; however, remarkable differences regarding recommended amounts were found among countries.

Keywords
Food-based dietary guidelinesHealth promotionHealthy eatingNational dietary recommendationsPublic health

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Nutrients due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 15/90, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Nutrition & Dietetics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.85. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 6.33 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 20.86 (source consulted: Dimensions Apr 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-04-24, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 29
  • Scopus: 69
  • Europe PMC: 25
  • OpenCitations: 55
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-04-24:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 198.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 195 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 16.05.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 1 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 17 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.