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Thiswork has beenmade possible by THE THREE HUNDRED collaboration. The simulations used in this paper have been performed in the MareNostrum Supercomputer at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center, thanks to CPU time granted by the Red Espanola de Supercomputaci ' on. As part of THE THREE HUNDRED project, this work has received financial support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie SklodowskawCurie grant agreement number 734374, the LACEGAL project.

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Cui, WgAuthorYepes, GAuthorKnebe, AAuthor

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June 7, 2021
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The Three Hundred project: quest of clusters of galaxies morphology and dynamical state through Zernike polynomials

Publicated to:MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. 503 (4): 6155-6169 - 2021-06-01 503(4), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3900

Authors: Capalbo, Valentina; De Petris, Marco; De Luca, Federico; Cui, Weiguang; Yepes, Gustavo; Knebe, Alexander; Rasia, Elena;

Affiliations

Natl Inst Astrophys, Astron Observ Trieste INAF OATs, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy - Author
Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Invest Avanzada Fis Fundamental CIAFF, Fac Ciencias, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, Modulo 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland - Author
Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy - Author
Univ Western Australia, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia - Author
Universe IFPU, Inst Fundamental Phys, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy - Author
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Abstract

The knowledge of the dynamical state of galaxy clusters allows to alleviate systematics when observational data from these objects are applied in cosmological studies. Evidence of correlation between the state and the morphology of the clusters is well studied. The morphology can be inferred by images of the surface brightness in the X-ray band and of the thermal component of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect in the millimetre range. For this purpose, we apply, for the first time, the Zernike polynomial decomposition, a common analytical approach mostly used in adaptive optics to recover aberrated radiation wavefronts at the telescopes pupil plane. With this novel way, we expect to correctly infer the morphology of clusters and so possibly their dynamical state. To verify the reliability of this new approach, we use more than 300 synthetic clusters selected in THE THREE HUNDRED project at different redshifts ranging from 0 up to 1.03. Mock maps of the tSZ, quantified with the Compton parameter, y-maps, are modelled with Zernike polynomials inside R-500, the cluster reference radius. We verify that it is possible to discriminate the morphology of each cluster by estimating the contribution of the different polynomials to the fit of the map. The results of this new method are correlated with those of a previous analysis made on the same catalogue, using two parameters that combine either morphological or dynamical-state probes. We underline that instrumental angular resolution of the maps has an impact mainly when we extend this approach to high-redshift clusters.

Keywords

Atacama cosmology telescopeBrightest clusterCameraConstraintsEvolutionGalaxies: clusters: generalGalaxies: clusters: intracluster mediumImagesMethods: numericalNonthermal pressureSampleSubstructureX-ray-clusters

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 17/69, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Astronomy & Astrophysics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.71. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.11 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 9.69 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-09, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 16
  • Scopus: 20

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-09:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 15.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 16 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 7.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Italy; United Kingdom.