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Effect of BaCO3 reactivity and mixing procedure on sulfate-resistant cement performance

Publicated to:CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES. 120 - 2021-07-01 120(), DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104038

Authors: Carmona-Quiroga PM; Mota-Heredia C; Torres-Carrasco M; Fernández JF; Blanco-Varela MT

Affiliations

CSIC - Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio (ICV) - Author
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETCC) - Author
CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Electrocerm Dept, Kelsen 5, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author
CSIC, Inst Ciencias Construcc Eduardo Torroja IETcc, Serrano Galvache 4, Madrid 28033, Spain - Author
Univ Carlos III Madrid, IAAB, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain - Author
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - Author
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Abstract

The present study focuses on exploring the effects of reactivity and degree of dispersion of BaCO additions in the manufacture of sulfate-resistant OPC cements. A new electrochemical deposition method is attempted to effectively disperse BaCO particles (studying two different materials with particle size: D = 11.45 and 2.37 μm) on cement to enhance their reactivity and favour sulfate immobilisation in the form of BaSO . The barium carbonate additions, particularly the finest, activate cement hydration to a greater extent. Electrodeposition is also observed to improve early age reactivity (2 d–7 d) in fine BaCO . Cement paste bearing 15 wt % BaCO is more resistant to sulfate attack by a 5% (w/v) solution of Na SO (180 d at 23 °C) than a commercial sulfate-resistant cement, although secondary ettringite and gypsum precipitated in all cases. 3 3 50 4 3 3 2 4

Keywords

Baco 3Baco3Cement pasteElectrodepositionEttringiteFinenessSulfate resistant cements

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 5/68, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Construction & Building Technology. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.55, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-18, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 2
  • Scopus: 5
  • OpenCitations: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-18:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 17.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 17 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 3.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 4 (Altmetric).