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March 18, 2021
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The PAU survey: Ly α intensity mapping forecast

Publicated to:MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. 501 (3): 3883-3899 - 2021-03-01 501(3), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3783

Authors: Renard, P; Gaztanaga, E; Croft, R; Cabayol, L; Carretero, J; Eriksen, M; Fernandez, E; Miquel, R; Padilla, C; Tallada-Crespí, P; García-Bellido, J; Sanchez, E

Affiliations

Carnegie Mellon University - Author
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas - Author
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE) - Author
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats - Author
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Bellaterra - Author
Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluna - Author
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Author
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - Author
‎ Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaierra, Barcelona, Spain - Author
‎ Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA - Author
‎ CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Avda Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain - Author
‎ CSIC, ICE, Inst Space Sci, Campus UAB,Carrer Can Magrans,S-N, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain - Author
‎ Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain - Author
‎ Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain - Author
‎ Port Informacio Cient PIC, Campus UAB,C Albareda S-N, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain - Author
‎ Univ Autonoma Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain - Author
‎ Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor, IFT, UAM,CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
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Abstract

© 2021 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. In thiswork,we explore the application of intensity mapping to detect extended Ly α emission from the IGM via cross-correlation of PAUS images with Ly α forest data from eBOSS and DESI. Seven narrow-band (FWHM = 13 nm) PAUS filters have been considered, ranging from 455 to 515 nm in steps of 10 nm, which allows the observation of Ly α emission in a range 2.7 < z< 3.3. The cross-correlation is simulated first in an area of 100 deg2 (PAUS projected coverage), and second in two hypothetical scenarios: A deeper PAUS (complete up to iAB < 24 instead of iAB < 23, observation time ×6), and an extended PAUS coverage of 225 deg2 (observation time ×2.25). A hydrodynamic simulation of size 400 Mpc h-1 is used to simulate both extended Ly α emission and absorption, while the foregrounds in PAUS images have been simulated using a lightcone mock catalogue. Using an optimistic estimation of uncorrelated PAUS noise, the total probability of a non-spurious detection is estimated to be 1.8 per cent and 4.5 per cent for PAUS-eBOSS and PAUS-DESI, from a run of 1000 simulated cross-correlations with different realisations of instrumental noise and quasar positions. The hypothetical PAUS scenarios increase this probability to 15.3 per cent (deeper PAUS) and 9.0 per cent (extended PAUS). With realistic correlated noise directly measured from PAUS images, these probabilities become negligible. Despite these negative results, some evidences suggest that this methodology may be more suitable to broad-band surveys.

Keywords

Cosmology: observationsLargeLarge-scale structure of universeScale structure of universe

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 17/69, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Astronomy & Astrophysics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 1.58, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 5.3 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-09, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 4
  • Scopus: 15

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-09:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 7.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 7 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United States of America.