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This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through 3D-MAGNETOH Project under Grant MAT2017-89960-R, and by the Regional Government of Madrid through NANOFRONTMAG Project under Grant S2013/MIT-2850. The works of D. Casaleiz and J. de Vicente were supported by the Regional Government of Madrid under Grant PEJD-2017-PRE/IND-4468 and Grant PEJ16/IND/TL-1968.

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Rial Rodriguez, JavierAuthor

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February 4, 2020
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Magnetic-Polymer Composites for Bonding and 3D Printing of Permanent Magnets

Publicated to:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 55 (2): - 2019-02-01 55(2), DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2018.2863560

Authors: Maria Palmero, Ester; Casaleiz, Daniel; Alejandra Jimenez, Nadia; Rial, Javier; de Vicente, Javier; Nieto, Albert; Altimira, Ricardo; Bollero, Alberto;

Affiliations

IMA SL, Ingn Magnet Aplicada, Barcelona 08291, Spain - Author
IMDEA Nanosci, Div Permanent Magnets & Applicat, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author

Abstract

Advanced manufacturing techniques using composite materials made of magnetic particles and polymers are attracting much interest for new routes of fabrication of more efficient and functional devices with complex shapes. The 3D printing and bonding technologies of a broad range of materials, such as NdFeB, improved ferrites, and Mn-based alloys, show up as alternatives to traditional fabrication techniques for a large range of permanent magnets' (PMs) applications. This paper focuses on the fabrication of magnetic products based on strontium ferrite and NdFeB by extrusion of magnetic-polymer composite materials. The composites have been extruded using different nozzles and optimizing the extrusion temperature for each of them, obtaining strips and filaments with rectangular and circular cross section, respectively. The morphological characterization of the strips and filaments has revealed that the polymer covers homogeneously the particles, obtaining continuous strips and filaments with a high filling factor. A decrease in the filling factor has been observed for the NdFeB-based strip and filament ascribed to the larger particle size compared to the Sr-ferrite particles. This paper opens a new path for fabricating PMs' materials as final products and for their use in advanced 3D printing technologies of elements and devices with no-restriction in composition, size, and shape.

Keywords

Composite extrusionNdf b eNdfebPermanent magnets (pm ) sPermanent magnets (pms)Strontium ferrite

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category Engineering, Electrical & Electronic.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.04. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.31 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 4.9 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-04, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 32
  • Scopus: 39

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-04:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 88 (PlumX).