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May 22, 2019
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Article

Transparent sol-gel oxyfluoride glass-ceramics with high crystalline fraction and study of re incorporation

Publicated to:Nanomaterials. 9 (4): - 2019-04-01 9(4), DOI: 10.3390/nano9040530

Authors: Gorni G; Velázquez J; Mosa J; Mather G; Serrano A; Vila M; Castro G; Bravo D; Balda R; Fernández J; Durán A; Castro Y

Affiliations

Alexander Dubcek Univ Trencin, FunGlass Ctr Funct & Surface Functionalized Glass, Trencin 91150, Slovakia - Author
Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin - Author
CSIC - Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio (ICV) - Author
CSIC - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM) - Author
CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Spain - Author
Donostia International Physics Center - Author
European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, SpLine, Spanish CRG Beamline, F-38043 Grenoble, France - Author
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20018, Spain - Author
Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Apl 1, Escuela Super Ingn, UPV EHU, Bilbao 48013, Spain - Author
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Author
Universidad del País Vasco - Author
Universidad del Pais Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus Bizkaia - Author
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Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramic films and self-supported layers with composition 80SiO 2 -20LaF 3 doped with Er 3+ have been successfully synthesized by sol-gel process for the first time. Crack-free films and self-supported layer with a maximum thickness up to 1.4 µm were obtained after heat treatment at the low temperature of 550 °C for 1 min, resulting in a LaF 3 crystal fraction of 18 wt%, as confirmed by quantitative Rietveld refinement. This is the highest value reported up to now for transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics prepared by sol-gel. This work provides a new synthesis strategy and opens the way to a wide range of potential applications of oxyfluoride glass-ceramics. The characterization by a wide range of techniques revealed the homogeneous precipitation of LaF 3 nanocrystals into the glass matrix. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed that the Er 3+ ions are preferentially embedded in the low phonon-energy LaF 3 nanocrystals. Moreover, photoluminescence (PL) measurements confirmed the incorporation of dopants in the LaF 3 nanocrystals. The effective concentration of rare-earth ions in the LaF 3 nanocrystals is also estimated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Keywords

crystallizationglass-ceramicoxyfluoriderare-earthCrystallizationEr3+Eu3+Fiber laserGlass-ceramicIonsLaf3Luminescent propertiesNanocrystalsNd3+Optical-propertiesOxyfluorideRare-earthSol-gelUp-conversion

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Nanomaterials due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Chemical Engineering (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 1.17, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 2.19 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-18, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 18
  • Scopus: 23
  • Europe PMC: 9

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-18:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 20 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
    • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/715008

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: France; Slovakia.