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Grant support

T.T.A.L., E.B., H.A., A.S.B., R.C.H., and V.G. gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Penn State MRSEC Center for Nanoscale Science Grant Nos. DMR-1420620 and DMR-1807768. V.G. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy Grant No. DE-SC0012375 for the X-ray diffraction microscopy work with Argonne National Laboratory. We gratefully thank Dr. A. N. Morozovska, Dr. E. A. Eliseev, and Professor J. M. Rondinelli for extensive theory discussions. M.O.R., C.H., P.M., and L.E.B. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under Project No. MAT2016-76106-R and the Comunidad de Madrid Grant No. S2013/MIT-2740. L.E.B. and M.O.R. also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through The Maria de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (Grant No. MDM-2014-0377). U.A. and N.A.S. were financially supported by the ETH Zurich and by the ERC Advanced Grant program, No. 291151. Computer resources were provided by the ETH Zurich (Euler cluster). Assistance from SAMBA beamline staff at SOLEIL is acknowledged.

Analysis of institutional authors

Ramírez, Mariola O.AuthorDe Las Heras, CarmenAuthorMolina, PabloAuthorBausá, Luisa E.Author

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February 27, 2019
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Emergent room temperature polar phase in CaTiO3 nanoparticles and single crystals

Publicated to:APL Materials. 7 (1): - 2019-01-01 7(1), DOI: 10.1063/1.5078706

Authors: Ramirez, Mariola O.; Lummen, Tom T. A.; Carrasco, Irene; Barnes, Eftihia; Aschauer, Ulrich; Stefanska, Dagmara; Sen Gupta, Arnab; de las Heras, Carmen; Akamatsu, Hirofumi; Holt, Martin; Molina, Pablo; Barnes, Andrew; Haislmaier, Ryan C.; Deren, Przemyslaw J.; Prieto, Carlos; Bausa, Luisa E.; Spaldin, Nicola A.; Gopalan, Venkatraman;

Affiliations

Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. - Author

Abstract

Polar instabilities are well known to be suppressed on scaling materials down to the nanoscale, when the electrostatic energy increase at surfaces exceeds lowering of the bulk polarization energy. Surprisingly, here we report an emergent low symmetry polar phase arising in nanoscale powders of CaTiO3, the original mineral named perovskite discovered in 1839 and considered nominally nonpolar at any finite temperature in the bulk. Using nonlinear optics and spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy studies, we discover a well-defined polar to non-polar transition at a T-C = 350 K in these powders. The same polar phase is also seen as a surface layer in bulk CaTiO3 single crystals, forming striking domains with in-plane polarization orientations. Density functional theory reveals that oxygen octahedral distortions in the surface layer lead to the stabilization of the observed monoclinic polar phase. These results reveal new ways of overcoming the scaling limits to polarization in perovskites. (C) 2019 Author(s).

Keywords

BehaviorDependenceFerroelectric perovskitesLattice modesRaman-spectrumSoft modesThin-filmsTransitionX-ray

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal APL Materials due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position 33/155, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Physics, Applied.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.47, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-07, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 8
  • Scopus: 11
  • Google Scholar: 10

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-07:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 39.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 38 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 5 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/690783

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Switzerland; United Kingdom; United States of America.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (RAMIREZ HERRERO, MARIA DE LA O) .