Don Quixote has been translated throughout history into many languages of the world, among which English and Chinese are, in addition to Spanish, the three most important. Through a comparative historical analysis, this paper explores two translations into English, those by Pierre Antoine Motteux and Edith Grossman, and two into Chinese, by Yang Jiang and Dong Yansheng. In addition to independently examining their translation strategies, their comparison allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the techniques used by translators depending on the period and the target language. While Motteux and Yang Jiang focused on the target reader, domesticating Don Quixote to gain audience approval, Grossman and Dong Yansheng further preserved the language of the original novel, using foreignizing strategies of the language.