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Grant support

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project received a grant for this research from The Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR and Boehringer Ingelheim) and The Madrid Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (NEUMOMADRID).

Analysis of institutional authors

Bonilla Hernan, GemaAuthorEsteban Rodriguez, IsabelAuthorAlvarez-Sala Walther, RodolfoAuthor
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Article

Relationship between air pollution levels in Madrid and the natural history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: severity and mortality

Publicated to:JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH. 49 (7): 03000605211029058- - 2021-07-01 49(7), DOI: 10.1177/03000605211029058

Authors: Mariscal Aguilar, Pablo; Gomez Carrera, Luis; Carpio Segura, Carlos; Torres Sanchez, Maria Isabel; Fernandez-Velilla Pena, Maria; Bonilla Hernan, Gema; Esteban Rodriguez, Isabel; Regojo Zapata, Rita Maria; Zamarron De Lucas, Ester; Diaz-Agero Alvarez, Prudencio; Villamanan Bueno, Elena; Prados Sanchez, Concepcion; Alvarez-Sala Walther, Rodolfo

Affiliations

Hosp Univ La Paz, Dept Resp Med, Madrid, Spain - Author
La Paz Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol Anat, Madrid, Spain - Author
La Paz Univ Hosp, Dept Pharm, Madrid, Spain - Author
La Paz Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Madrid, Spain - Author
La Paz Univ Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Madrid, Spain - Author
La Paz Univ Hosp, Dept Thorac Surg, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Res Inst La Paz Univ Hosp IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Objective We aimed to assess the relationship between major air pollutants and the natural history and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2019 among 52 patients with IPF from the pneumology department of a tertiary hospital. According to their geocoded residential address, each patient was assigned a mean concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter 2.5 and 10, ozone, and sulfur dioxide, as measured at a single surveillance station in central Madrid, Spain. We analyzed forced vital capacity (FVC), CO diffusing capacity, 6-minute walking test, degree of dyspnea, radiologic pattern, and signs of pulmonary hypertension in all patients. Results Patients' mean age was 66 +/- 10 years, and 79% were men. The mean predicted FVC was 78.9 +/- 0.5%. Forty-two patients met the criteria for severe disease, and 18 patients died. Mortality was significantly associated with increased CO exposure (for each 0.1 mg/m(2) increase: odds ratio 2.45, 95% confidence interval 1.39-4.56). We observed no association between any of the other investigated contaminants and IPF mortality or severity. Conclusions Air pollution, specifically that caused by carbon monoxide, can increase mortality in patients with IPF.

Keywords
Acute exacerbationAir pollutionCarbon monoxideDisease severityExposurIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisLung-cancerMortalityRespiratory healthUrban cente

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH, and although the journal is classified in the quartile Q4 (Agencia WoS (JCR)), its regional focus and specialization in Medicine, Research & Experimental, give it significant recognition in a specific niche of scientific knowledge at an international level.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.26. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 3.12 (source consulted: Dimensions Apr 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-04-29, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 12
  • Scopus: 13
  • OpenCitations: 12
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-04-29:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 43.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 43 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Mariscal Aguilar, Pablo) and Last Author (ALVAREZ-SALA WALTHER, RODOLFO).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Mariscal Aguilar, Pablo.