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This research was funded by Fundacion Familia Alonso, Santander Bank, Real Seguros, Fundacion Mutua Madrilena, Fundacion Uria, Fundacion Caixa and Ayuntamiento de Madrid (project reference PI-4100). Supported by Sara Borrell grant CD21/00059 to J.A.-O and "Predoctotales de formacion en Investigacion" (PFIS) grant FI19/00334 to R.L.-R. from Spanish Ministry of Health-Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII).

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Garcia-Garrido, Miguel AAuthorDel Balzo-Castillo, AlvaroAuthorPeinado-Quesada, Maria AAuthor

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September 23, 2024
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Differential Immune Checkpoint and Ig-like V-Type Receptor Profiles in COVID-19: Associations with Severity and Treatment

Publicated to:Journal of Clinical Medicine. 11 (12): 3287- - 2022-06-01 11(12), DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123287

Authors: Lozano-Rodriguez, Roberto; Terron-Arcos, Veronica; Lopez, Raul; Martin-Gutierrez, Juan; Martin-Quiros, Alejandro; Maroun-Eid, Charbel; Munoz del Val, Elena; Canada-Illana, Carlos; Pascual Iglesias, Alejandro; Valentin Quiroga, Jaime; Montalban-Hernandez, Karla; Carlos Casalvilla-Duenas, Jose; Garcia-Garrido, Miguel A; del Balzo-Castillo, Alvaro; Peinado-Quesada, Maria A; Gomez-Lage, Laura; Herrero-Benito, Carmen; Butler, Ray G; Avendano-Ortiz, Jose; Lopez-Collazo, Eduardo

Affiliations

Butler Scientif SL, Barcelona 08035, Spain - Author
CIBER Resp Dis CIBERES, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author
IdiPAZ La Paz Univ Hosp, Emergency Dept, Paseo Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain - Author
IdiPAZ La Paz Univ Hosp, Emergent Pathol Res Grp, Paseo Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain - Author
La Paz Univ Hosp, IdiPAZ, Innate Immune Response Grp, Paseo Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain - Author
La Paz Univ Hosp, Tumor ImmunologyLab, IdiPAZ, Paseo Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Identifying patients' immune system status has become critical to managing SARS-CoV-2 infection and avoiding the appearance of secondary infections during a hospital stay. Despite the high volume of research, robust severity and outcome markers are still lacking in COVID-19. We recruited 87 COVID-19 patients and analyzed, by unbiased automated software, 356 parameters at baseline emergency department admission including: high depth immune phenotyping and immune checkpoint expression by spectral flow cytometry, cytokines and other soluble molecules in plasma as well as routine clinical variables. We identified 69 baseline alterations in the expression of immune checkpoints, Ig-like V type receptors and other immune population markers associated with severity (O-2 requirement). Thirty-four changes in these markers/populations were associated with secondary infection appearance. In addition, through a longitudinal sample collection, we described the changes which take place in the immune system of COVID-19 patients during secondary infections and in response to corticosteroid treatment. Our study provides information about immune checkpoint molecules and other less-studied receptors with Ig-like V-type domains such as CD108, CD226, HVEM (CD270), B7H3 (CD276), B7H5 (VISTA) and GITR (CD357), defining these as novel interesting molecules in severe and corticosteroids-treated acute infections.

Keywords

Cd22CellCorticosteroidCovid-19Ig-like v-type receptorsImmune phenotypeImmune-checkpointsInfectionPsgl-1Secondary infections

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal of Clinical Medicine due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Medicine (Miscellaneous).

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-08-02:

  • WoS: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-02:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 18.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 18 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 12.3.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 18 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/718567