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S.L. acknowledges useful discussions with Tyson Littenberg and thanks him for the assistance with writing the Bayesian Markov Chain fitting technique. The UAH coauthors gratefully acknowledge NASA funding from cooperative agreement 80MSFC22M0004. The USRA coauthors gratefully acknowledge NASA funding through contract 80MSFC17M0022. D.K., C.A.W.H., and C.M.H. gratefully acknowledge NASA funding through the Fermi-GBM project. Support for the German contribution to GBM was provided by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) via the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) under contract number 50 QV 0301. R.H. acknowledges funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 945298-ParisRegionFP.The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. ECF is supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002.Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This work performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.

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Fermi-GBM discovery of GRB 221009A: an extraordinarily bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

Publicado en:Astrophysical Journal Letters. 952 (2): L42- - 2023-08-01 952(2), DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

Autores: Lesage, S; Veres, P; Briggs, M S; Goldstein, A; Kocevski, D; Burns, E; Wilson-Hodge, C A; Bhat, P N; Huppenkothen, D; Fryer, C L; Hamburg, R; Racusin, J; Cleveland, W H; Dalessi, S; Fletcher, C; Giles, M M; Hui, C M; Mailyan, B; Malacaria, C; Poolakkil, S; Roberts, O J; von Kienlin, A; Wood, J; Ajello, M; Arimoto, M; Baldini, L; Ballet, J; Baring, M G; Bastieri, D; Gonzalez, J Becerra; Bellazzini, R; Bissaldi, E; Blandford, R D; Bonino, R; Bruel, P; Buson, S; Cameron, R A; Caputo, R; Caraveo, P A; Cavazzuti, E; Chiaro, G; Cibrario, N; Ciprini, S; Orestano, P Cristarella; Crnogorcevic, M; Cuoco, A; Cutini, S; D'Ammando, F; De Gaetano, S; Di Lalla, N; Di Venere, L; Dominguez, A; Fegan, S J; Ferrara, E C; Fleischhack, H; Fukazawa, Y; Funk, S; Fusco, P; Galanti, G; Gammaldi, V; Gargano, F; Gasbarra, C; Gasparrini, D; Germani, S; Giacchino, F; Giglietto, N; Gill, R; Giroletti, M; Granot, J; Green, D; Grenier, I A; Guiriec, S; Gustafsson, M; Hays, E; Hewitt, J W; Horan, D; Hou, X; Kuss, M; Latronico, L; Laviron, A; Lemoine-Goumard, M; Li, J; Liodakis, I; Longo, F; Loparco, F; Lorusso, L; Lovellette, M N; Lubrano, P; Maldera, S; Manfreda, A; Marti-Devesa, G; Mazziotta, M N; McEnery, J E; Mereu, I; Meyer, M; Michelson, P F; Mizuno, T; Monzani, M E; Morselli, A; Moskalenko, I, V; Negro, M; Nuss, E; Omodei, N; Orlando, E; Ormes, J F; Paneque, D; Panzarini, G; Persic, M; Pesce-Rollins, M; Pillera, R; Piron, F; Poon, H; Porter, T A; Principe, G; Raino, S; Rando, R; Rani, B; Razzano, M; Razzaque, S; Reimer, A; Reimer, O; Ryde, F; Sanchez-Conde, M; Parkinson, P; Scotton, L; Serini, D; Sgro, C; Sharma, V; Siskind, E J; Spandre, G; Spinelli, P; Tajima, H; Torres, D F; Valverde, J; Venters, T; Wadiasingh, Z; Wood, K; Zaharijas, G

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We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV-40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time (t (0); 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of the thermal, photospheric emission of shock breakout, with significant emission up to & SIM;15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at t (0) + 600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase, which transitions to a slope consistent with Swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the Fermi-GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy (E ( & gamma;,iso) = 1.0 x 10(55) erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity (L ( & gamma;,iso) = 9.9 x 10(53) erg s(-1)) based on its redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed us to observe the continuously emitting central engine of Fermi-GBM from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.

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