Cervical lymphadenitis is very common in childhood, especially in children under 5 years of age. Most cases have an infectious etiology. Bilateral adenitis occurs mainly in relation to viral respiratory infections, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Acute unilateral adenitis is mainly due to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The most frequent causes of subacute/chronic infectious lymphadenitis are CMV, EBV, atypical mycobacteria and cat scratch disease. Investigations will be performed mainly in cases of subacute/chronic evolution, in the presence of warning signs (firm and fixed nodes, supraclavicular location, rapidly growing lymph nodes with no inflammatory signs, systemic symptoms) or when it is necessary to obtain a microbiological or cytological diagnosis. Acute bilateral adenitis usually resolves spontaneously. First-line antibiotic therapy of bacterial adenitis are first generation cephalosporins. The treatment of subacute/chronic lymphadenitis will vary according to the etiology of the adenopathy.