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Apoptosis is a constant feature of reperfusion injury in ischemic cardiac myocytes, leading to late cell death. Since fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) inhibit apoptosis in differentiated cells, we hypothesized that FGF-1 (acidic FGF), in its native form, and a non-mitogenic isoform would attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion- induced apoptosis.The effect of native and non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor-1 mutein (FGF-1 and m-FGF-1) on apoptosis assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method was tested in a rat model of 20 min regional myocardial ischemia and 24h reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion resulted in a high myocardial apoptosis rate in the area at risk. When given as a systemic bolus inmediately after myocardial ischemia, both FGF-1 and m-FGF-1 significantly reduced apoptosis (by 60 and 61.2, respectively; p<0.0001).The programed myocyte cell death triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury is attenuated by FGF-1 in its native or non mitogenic isoforms, suggesting that this effect does not depend on the mitogenic properties of this protein. FGF-1 would contribute to the functional preservation of the myocardium after acute myocardial infarction.