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We are thankful for the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) for funding the MACRISK project-FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021. GP was funded by the contract FCT-UIDP/00329/2020. NT is funded by the project LIFE BEETLES (LIFE 18NAT/PT/000864) . PC is supported by cE3c (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020) , and CHANGE (https://doi.org/10.54499/la/p/0121/2020) . IRA and MB were supported by FCT under DOI 10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1375/CT0003 and/CT0001, respectively. AMCS was supported by a Spanish Ramon y Cajal fellowship RYC2020-029407-I, funded by MICIN/AEI/10.130 39/501100011033, and by 'ESF Investing in your future'. SL is funded by the Azorean Government PhD grant no. M3.1.a/F/012/2022. RC is funded by FCT grant no. UI/BD/151406/2021. GO, GP, MB, IRA, RG and PAVB were also funded by the projects FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024 DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00329/2020 (Thematic Line 1-integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) , FCT-UIDB/00329/2023 and Azores DRCT Pluriannual Funding-M1.1. A/FUNC.UI&D/010/2021-2024.

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23 de junio de 2025
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Threats and conservation status of the endemic terrestrial arthropods of the Azores

Publicado en:BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 309 (): 111282- - 2025-09-01 309(), DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111282

Autores: Oyarzabal, Guilherme; Pozsgai, Gabor; Tsafack, Noelline; Cardoso, Pedro; Rigal, Francois; Boieiro, Mario; Santos, Ana M C; Amorim, Isabel R; Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Costa, Ricardo; Lhoumeau, Sebastien; Gabriel, Rosalina; Borges, Paulo A V

Afiliaciones

Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, IMBE Mediterranean Inst Biodivers & Ecol, CNRS,IRD, Campus Jean Henri Fabre,Aite Agroparc,337 Chemin M, F-84911 Avignon 9, France - Autor o Coautor
IUCN SSC Atlantic Isl Invertebrate Specialist Grp, Angra Do Heroismo, Azores, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Grp, Angra Do Heroismo, Azores, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Invest Biodivers & Cambio Global CIBC UAM, Madrid, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Ecol, Terr Ecol Grp TEG UAM, Madrid, Spain - Autor o Coautor
Univ Azores, CHANGE Global Change & Sustainabil Inst, Rua Capitao Joao dAvila, P-9700042 Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Azores, CHANGE Global Change & Sustainabil Inst, Sch Agr & Environm Sci, Rua Capitao Joao dAvila, P-9700042 Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Azores, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Environm Changes CE3C, Azorean Biodivers Grp, Rua Capitao Joao dAvila, P-9700042 Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Helsinki, LIBRe Lab Integrat Biodivers Res, Finnish Museum Nat Hist, Helsinki, Finland - Autor o Coautor
Univ Lisbon, CHANGE Global Change & Sustainabil Inst, Fac Sci, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Environm Changes CE3C, Lisbon, Portugal - Autor o Coautor
Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Inst Sci Analyt & Phys Chim Environm & Mat UMR5254, Com Natl Rech Sci, Pau, France - Autor o Coautor
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Resumen

Insular ecosystems are disproportionately threatened by human activities, leading to an unprecedented decline in species diversity, particularly on remote archipelagos like the Azores. However, the impacts of humans on arthropods, which typically represent a big proportion of island biotas, remain poorly documented. We present an assessment of threats affecting different groups of species, examining the relationship between species occupancy, IUCN threat categories and trophic interactions for arthropods in the Azores (Macaronesia). We compiled data on endemic arthropods from published lists and IUCN assessments, including extinction risk, direct threats, and geographical ranges, to identify key pressures on species. Using network analyses, we examined the association between extinction risk and number of species, also estimating the IUCN Red List Index (RLI) for each island conservation status. We found that some of the Azorean endemic arthropod species have already gone extinct and more than half are classified as threatened by the IUCN Red List. Of these, predatory beetles (Coleoptera) and spiders (Araneae) have the highest numbers of threatened species, mainly due to habitat degradation, the spread of invasive plant species, and climate change. The RLI differs greatly among islands, being the lowest in Santa Maria, which concentrates a large number of critically endangered (CR) single-island endemic species, and higher in islands with larger and better-preserved native forest fragments, such as Terceira. A comprehensive approach integrating habitat protection, invasive species management and conservation measures is essential to ensure the long-term survival of Azorean arthropod endemic species in particular and island biota in general.

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Este trabajo se ha realizado con colaboración internacional, concretamente con investigadores de: Finland; France; Portugal.