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This work was supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (grant agreement number 223071, COURAGE in Europe) ; from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ACI-Promociona (grant number ACI2009-1010) ; and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS (research grant numbers PS09/00295 and PS09/01845, PI12/01490, PI13/00059, PI16/00218, PI16/00173, PI19/00150, PI19/00103, PI19/00088, PI19/00235, PI20/00229) ; and CIBER- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (Ciber of Mental Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation) . Projects PI12/01490, PI13/00059, PI16/00218, PI16/00173, PI19/00150, PI19/00103, PI19/00088, PI19/00235 and PI20/00229 have been co-funded by the European Union's European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 'A Way to Build Europe'. Blanca Dolz del Castellar's and Chiara Castelletti's work is supported by the programme 'Contratos predoctorales para Formacion de Personal Investigador, FPI-UAM', Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain. Lea Francia's and Cristina Rodriguez-Prada's work is supported by funds from the European Union's recovery, transformation, resilience, and Next Generation-EU plan: Exp. INVESTIGO 2022-C23.I01.P03.S0020-0000031-Area Psiquiatria. Cristina Rodriguez-Prada's work is also supported by 'Contratos predoctorales para Formacion de Personal Investigador, FPI-UAM 2022'. Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet's work is supported by the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund (2021 FI_B 00839) .

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Loneliness trajectories and predictors in Spain: Results from the Spanish longitudinal study on aging and health (Edad con Salud)

Publicado en:JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS. 378 100-108 - 2025-02-28 378(), DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.02.084

Autores: Dolz-del-Castellar, Blanca; de la Torre-luque, Alejandro; Castelletti, Chiara; Francia, Lea; Rodriguez-Prada, Cristina; Miret, Marta; Domenech-Abella, Joan; Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina; Olaya, Beatriz; Haro, Josep Maria; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose Luis; Lara, Elvira

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Background: In recent years, loneliness has been recognized as a public health problem, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify groups of people with different trajectories of loneliness, and to explore potential determinants (sociodemographic, social, psychological, and health-related) associated with these trajectories. Methods: In this 12-year longitudinal study, we analyzed data on 4537 Spanish adults from a nationwide representative survey. A growth mixture modeling approach was used to identify different loneliness trajectories and logistic regressions to explore the determinants of these trajectories. Results: Two trajectory classes were identified: low-stable (87.86 %) and high-fluctuating (12.14 %). Marital status, living status, migration, social isolation, depression, suicidal ideation, and cognitive complaints were identified as significant determinants of belonging to the high-fluctuating trajectory. Conversely, social support, social trust, and life satisfaction were protective factors for this trajectory. Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of diverse courses of loneliness (each showing some distinctive characteristics from the other), outlining some relevant implications for the assessment, prevention, and management of loneliness.

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