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We are grateful to E. Ayllon, I. Garin, & Oacute;. Cano, T. Garcia and C. Rozas for their assistance during fieldwork. Sampling was conducted under collecting permits issued by DREAL Occitanie (DREAL-OCC-2023-s-05), the Community of Madrid and Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (10/184709.9/22, 10/035516.9/22, 10/370877.9/22), the Picos de Europa National Park (CO/09/05/2008 and CO/09/0571/2009), the governments of Cantabria (CAP/2021/038), Castilla y Leon (EP/CYL/389/2007, EP/LE/428/2010, EP/P/428/2010, EP/CYL/31/2010, EP/P/426/2010 and AUES/CyL/222/2022), Vizcaya (AM-16-2022), & Aacute;lava (EXP-22-13-18), Guipuzcoa (2022-FAUNA-206225527), Navarra (76E/2022), Aragon (INAGA/500201/24/2022/02013), Cataluna (SF/0042/22), the Xunta de Galicia (EB-016/2018), and the Principality of Asturias (2010/000371) and PA/356/2022/2455), as well as authorizations for handling wildlife issued by the Community of Madrid (10/142121.9/20 to CCD) and Andalucia (EXP-000117 to IMS). This study was funded by the Taxon-Omics priority program (SPP1991) of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant N degrees VE247/19-1 to CD), by the RFIS program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant N degrees 3211101356 to CD), by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grant N degrees CGL2009-12767-C02-01 to AGN) and by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (grant N degrees CGL2017-86924-P to AGN).

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Genome-wide patterns of diversity in the European midwife toad complex: phylogeographic and conservation prospects

Publicado en:CONSERVATION GENETICS. - 2025-02-06 (), DOI: 10.1007/s10592-025-01673-7

Autores: Ambu J; Caballero-Díaz C; Sánchez-Montes G; Nicieza AG; Velo-Antón G; Hernandez A; Delmas C; Trochet A; Wielstra B; Crochet PA; Martínez-Solano ĺ; Dufresnes C

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Assessing how genetic diversity is spatially structured underlies many research questions in evolutionary ecology and contributes to understanding the factors implicated in population declines and extirpations, facilitating identification of conservation priorities and decision-making. In this study, we surveyed genomic diversity using genotyping by sequencing in the six subspecies of the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans/almogavarii complex, a group of amphibians from southwestern Europe threatened by habitat loss, climate change and chytridiomycosis. We first illustrate how the structure evident in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA microsatellites is discordant with the respective distributions of subspecies and patterns of admixture between them. We further document a deeply-divergent mtDNA haplogroup unique to Central Spain that is not reflected by the nuclear diversity, likely corresponding to a ghost mtDNA lineage. Patterns of genetic diversity and structure differ among and within subspecies. The Pyrenean endemics A. a. almogavarii and A. a. inigoi form homogenous genetic groups with high levels of heterozygosity, while the more widespread A. o. pertinax, A. o. boscai and A. o. lusitanicus are geographically structured across the Iberian Peninsula, comprising both genetically diverse and impoverished populations. Finally, A. o. obstetricans probably persisted in a composite glacial refugium north of the Pyrenees, from which it recently expanded across Western Europe, losing much of its genetic variation. Our results should be considered in future red list assessments, management unit delimitation, and ex-situ conservation efforts, and are also relevant to study chytrid epidemiology, for which A. obstetricans has been a model organism for nearly three decades.

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