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This study was supported by the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation (635,316 [ATHLOS Project] ) , by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007 2013) under agreement number 223071 (COURAGE in Europe) , by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ACI-Promociona (ACI2009-1010) , and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS research grants (PS09/00295, PS09/01845, PI12/01490, PI13/00059, PI16/00218, PI16/01073, PI16/00177, PI19/00235, PI19/00088, PI19/00150, and PI19/00103) . Projects PI12/01490, PI13/00059, PI16/00218, PI16/01073, PI16/00177, PI19/00235, PI19/00088, PI19/00150, and PI19/00103 have been co-funded by the European Union European Regional Development Fund "A Way to Build Europe". The study was also supported by the Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) . Beatriz Olaya is supported by a Miguel Servet (CP20/00040) contract, funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Union (ERDF/ESF, "Investing in your future") . Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet's work is supported by the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund (2023 FI-3 00187) . Blanca Dolz del Castellar's work is supported by the programme 'Contratos predoctorales para Formacion de Personal Investigador, FPI-UAM', Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain. Lea Francia's and Cristina Rodriguez-Prada's work is supported by funds from the European Union's recovery, transformation, resilience, and Next Generation-EU plan: Exp. INVESTIGO 2022-C23.I01.P03.S0020-0000031- Area Psiquiatria) .

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The longitudinal relationship among physical activity, loneliness, and mental health in middle-aged and older adults: Results from the Edad con Salud cohort

Publicado en:Mental Health and Physical Activity. 28 100667- - 2025-03-01 28(), DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100667

Autores: Rodeiro, Jordi; Olaya, Beatriz; Haro, Josep Maria; Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina; Ayuso-Mateos, Jose Luis; Francia, Lea; Rodriguez-Prada, Cristina; Dolz-del-Castellar, Blanca; Domenech-Abella, Joan

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Objectives: Existing research suggests there to be interrelated connections among physical activity, loneliness, and mental health. However, the possible mediating effects between them in middle-aged and older adults is unclear. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship among physical activity, loneliness, and common mental disorders to clarify potential mediation effects. Methods: We analysed longitudinal data from 1973 participants aged 50 and over, drawn from the Longitudinal Ageing and Health Study Spain ("Edad con Salud", ageingandhealth.com). Loneliness was evaluated using the 3item UCLA loneliness scale, while physical activity was measured with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2 (GPAQ v2). Common mental disorders were assessed by considering lifetime episodes of major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders (MDD and GAD) following the criteria outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Employing a crosslagged panel model (CLPM), cross-lagged and autoregressive longitudinal associations among loneliness, common mental disorders, and physical activity were examined. Results: Physical inactivity predicted higher subsequent loneliness, which in turn predicted common mental disorders. The reverse pathways were statistically supported as well, suggesting bi-directional influences. All autoregressive associations were statistically significant. Discussion: The improvement of mental health through physical activity is facilitated by the mediation of loneliness, indicating the potential of the social aspect of physical activity as a preventive measure for MDD and GAD, as well as the need to address feelings of loneliness in individuals with common mental disorders in order to facilitate their participation in physical activities.

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