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We thank the referee for his/her useful comments, that helped improve this manuscript. TH acknowledges Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina, for their supporting fellowships. AO acknowledges support from project AYA2015-66211-C2-2 of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad. SAC acknowledges funding from CONICET (PIP-0387), and Universidad Nacional de La Plata (G11-150), Argentina. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 734374; project acronym: LACEGAL. The programmes and figures had been developed under PYTHON language (Van Rossum & Drake 2009), using specially NUMPY (Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011) and MATLOTLIB (Hunter 2007).

Analysis of institutional authors

Hough, TomasCorresponding Author

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October 3, 2023
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Are Ly alpha emitters segregated in protoclusters regions?

Publicated to:MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. 499 (2): 2104-2115 - 2020-12-01 499(2), DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3027

Authors: Hough, Tomas; Gurung-Lopez, Siddhartha; Orsi, Alvaro; Cora, Sofia A.; Lacey, Cedric G.; Baugh, Carlton M.;

Affiliations

Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina - Author
Ctr Estudios Fis Cosmos Aragon, Plaza San Juan 1,Piso 2, E-44001 Teruel, Spain - Author
Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, 1315 N Pine St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA - Author
PlantTech Res Inst Ltd, South British House,4th Floor 35 Grey St, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand - Author
Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England - Author
Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Astron & Geofis, Observ Astron, Paseo Bosque,B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina - Author
UNLP, Inst Astrofis La Plata, CCT La Plata, CONICET,Observ Astron, Paseo Bosque,B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina - Author
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Abstract

The presence of neutral hydrogen in the interstellar medium (ISM) and intergalactic medium (IGM) induces radiative transfer (RT) effects on Ly alpha photons that affect the observability of Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs). We use the GALFORM semi-analytic model of galaxy formation and evolution to analyse how these effects shape the spatial distribution of LAEs with respect to H alpha emitters (HAEs) around high-density regions at high redshift. We find that when a large sample of protoclusters is considered, HAEs showing also Ly alpha emission (HAEs + LAEs) populate the same regions as those that do not display the Ly alpha line at z = 2.2. We compare against the protocluster USS1558-003, one of the most massive protoclusters located at z = 2.53. Our results indicate that the strong depletion of HAEs + LAEs present in the high-density regions of USS1558-003 may be due to cosmic variance. We find that at z = 2.2 and z = 3.0, RT of the ISM produces a strong decline (30-50 per cent) of the clustering amplitude of HAEs + LAEs with respect to HAEs towards the protoclusters centre. At z = 5.7, given the early evolutionary state of protoclusters and galaxies, the clustering of HAEs + LAEs has a smaller variation (10-20 per cent) towards the protoclusters centre. Depending on the equivalent width and luminosity criteria of the emission-line galaxy sample, the IGM can have a mild or a null effect on galaxy properties and clustering in high-density regions.

Keywords

Cosmological volumeDependenceEscape fractionEvolutionGalaxies: clusters: generalGalaxies: clusters: intracluster mediumGalaxies: high-redshiftHigh-redshiftLuminosity functionLyman break galaxiesMethods: numericalProto-clusterRadiative transferRadio galaxyStar-forming galaxies

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 16/68, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Astronomy & Astrophysics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.83, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-09, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-09:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 16.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 17 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 7.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Argentina; New Zealand; United Kingdom; United States of America.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (HOUGH, TOMAS) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been HOUGH, TOMAS.