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Mayfly larvae preservation from the Early Cretaceous of Brazilian Gondwana: Analogies with modern mats and other Lagerstätten

Publicated to:Gondwana Research. 124 188-205 - 2023-12-01 124(), DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2023.07.007

Authors: Días, J.J.; de Souza Carvalho, I.; Buscalioni, A.D; Umamaheswaran, R.; López-Archilla, A.I.; Prado, G.; de Andrade, J.A.F.G.

Affiliations

Agência Nacional de Mineração - Author
Centro de Geociências da Universidade de Coimbra , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Author
gAgencia Nacl Mineragao, Praga Se 105, Crato BR-63110440B, CE, Brazil - Author
Indian Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Mumbai 400076, India - Author
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr integrac Paleobiol CIPb UAM, Calle Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol, Calle Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Ecol, Calle Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author
Univ Coimbra, Ctr Geociencias, Rua Silvio Lima, P-3030790 Coimbra, Portugal - Author
Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Ciencias Matemat & Nat, Dept Geol, Inst Geociencias, J2-21, Cidade Univ Ilha Fundao, Rio De Janeiro BR-21949900B, Brazil - Author
Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geociencias, Rua Lago 562, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil - Author
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Author
Universidade de Sao Paulo - Author
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Author
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Abstract

The Crato Formation paleoentomofauna is noticeable for its high abundance, diversity and morphological fidelity, so the preservational approach of the Ephemeroptera larvae fossils becomes relevant, since they are aquatic insects living in a lacustrine environment of one of the major terrestrial ecosystems of the Early Cretaceous in the Gondwana supercontinent. The mayfly larvae fossils were analyzed under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope with coupled x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) for morphological, textural and geochemical purposes. The microfabric analysis confirms the most recent hypothesis that the main factor responsible for the preservation of the Crato Formation fossils was the influence of the microbial mats on the fossilization process. The microscopic signatures left by the mats occur in the insect's cuticle and internal parts, represented by micro cracks and wrinkles, micro spheres, filaments and mineralized EPS. These features have been compared in light with deposits containing Quaternary microbial mats in the Vermelha Lagoon and its associated salt pans, in Brazil. Also, we discussed our results with taphonomic data of other mayfly larvae fossils from the Lagerstätten La Huérguina (Spain) and Yixian (China) Formations, specifically in relation to the taphonomic settings regarding these Early Cretaceous ephemeropterans. This study corroborates to the idea of the fundamental role of the microbial mats in the exquisite preservation of the Crato Formation invertebrate fossils, with an approach that permits some fundamental paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic inferences for the Aptian of the Araripe Basin, in Brazil.

Keywords

araripe basincrato formationearly cretaceousephemeropteragenusinsectala huerguina formationmicrobial matstaphonomytissuevermelha lagoonyixian formationCrato formationEarly cretaceousLa huérguina formationRio-de-janeiroVermelha lagoonYixian formation

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Gondwana Research due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 14/254, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Geosciences, Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 5.47, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-15, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 10
  • OpenCitations: 7

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-15:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 12.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 12 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.75.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Brazil; India; Portugal.