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A century of trends in adult human height

Publicated to:Elife. 5 (2016JULY): - 2016-07-26 5(2016JULY), DOI: 10.7554/eLife.13410.001

Authors: Bentham J; Di Cesare M; Stevens GA; Zhou B; Bixby H; Cowan M; Fortunato L; Bennett JE; Danaei G; Hajifathalian K; Lu Y; Riley LM; Laxmaiah A; Kontis V; Paciorek CJ; Ezzati M; Abdeen ZA; Hamid ZA; Abu-Rmeileh NM; Acosta-Cazares B; Adams R; Aekplakorn W; Aguilar-Salinas CA; Agyemang C; Ahmadvand A; Ahrens W; Al-Hazzaa HM; Al-Othman AR; Raddadi RA; Ali MM; Alkerwi A; Alvarez-Pedrerol M; Aly E; Amouyel P; Amuzu A; Andersen LB; Anderssen SA; Anjana RM; Aounallah-Skhiri H; Ariansen I; Aris T; Arlappa N; Arveiler D; Assah FK; Avdicová M; Azizi F; Babu BV; Bahijri S; Balakrishna N; Bandosz P; Banegas JR; Barbagallo CM; Barceló A; Barkat A; Barros MV; Bata I; Batieha AM; Batista RL; Baur LA; Beaglehole R; Romdhane HB; Benet M; Bernabe-Ortiz A; Bernotiene G; Bettiol H; Bhagyalaxmi A; Bharadwaj S; Bhargava SK; Bhatti Z; Bhutta ZA; Bi H; Bi Y; Bjerregaard P; Bjertness E; Bjertness MB; Björkelund C; Blokstra A; Bo S; Bobak M; Boddy LM; Boehm BO; Boeing H; Boissonnet CP; Bongard V; Bovet P; Braeckman L; Bragt MCE; Brajkovich I; Branca F; Breckenkamp J; Brenner H; Brewster LM; Brian GR; Bruno G; Bueno-de-Mesquita HB; Bugge A; Burns C; De León AC; Cacciottolo J; Cama T; Cameron C; Camolas J; Can G; Cândido APC; Capuano V; Cardoso VC; Carlsson AC; Carvalho MJ; Casanueva FF; Casas J-P; Caserta CA; Chamukuttan S; Chan AW; Chan Q; Chaturvedi HK; Chaturvedi N; Chen C-J; Chen F; Chen H; Chen S; Chen Z; Cheng C-Y; Chetrit A; Chiolero A; Chiou S-T; Chirita-Emandi A; Cho B; Cho Y; Christensen K; Chudek J; Cifkova R; Claessens F; Clays E; Concin H; Cooper C; Cooper R; Coppinger TC; Costanzo S; Cottel D; Cowell C; Craig CL; Crujeiras AB; D’Arrigo G; d’Orsi E; Dallongeville J; Damasceno A; Damsgaard CT; Dankner R; Dauchet L; De Backer G; De Bacquer D; de Gaetano G; De Henauw S; De Smedt D; Deepa M; Deev AD; Dehghan A; Delisle H; Delpeuch F; Deschamps V; Dhana K; Di Castelnuovo AF; Dias-da-Costa JS; Diaz A; Djalalinia S; Do HTP; Dobson AJ; Donfrancesco C; Donoso SP; Döring A; Doua K; Drygas W; Dzerve V; Egbagbe EE; Eggertsen R; Ekelund U; El Ati J; Elliott P; Engle-Stone R; Erasmus RT; Erem C; Eriksen L; Escobedo-de la Peña J; Evans A; Faeh D; Fall CH; Farzadfar F; Felix-Redondo FJ; Ferguson TS; Fernández-Bergés D; Ferrante D; Ferrari M; Ferreccio C; Ferrieres J; Finn JD; Fischer K; Flores EM; Föger B; Foo LH; Forslund A-S; Forsner M; Fortmann SP; Fouad HM; Francis DK; Do Carmo Franco M; Franco OH; Frontera G; Fuchs FD; Fuchs SC; Fujita Y; Furusawa T; Gaciong Z; Gafencu M; Gareta D; Garnett SP; Gaspoz J-M; Gasull M; Gates L; Geleijnse JM; Ghasemian A; Giampaoli S; Gianfagna F; Giovannelli J; Giwercman A; Goldsmith RA; Gonçalves H; González-Gross MM; González Rivas JP; Gorbea MB; Gottrand F; Graff-Iversen S; Grafnetter D; Grajda A; Grammatikopoulou MG; Gregor RD; Grodzicki T; Grøntved A; Gruden G; Grujic V; Gu D; Gualdi-Russo E; Guan OP; Gudnason V; Guerrero R; Guessous I; Guimaraes AL; Gulliford MC; Gunnlaugsdottir J; Gunter M; Guo X; Guo Y; Gupta PC; Gureje O; Gurzkowska B; Gutierrez L; Gutzwiller F; Halkjær J; Hambleton IR; Hardy R; Kumar RH; Hata J; Hayes AJ; He J; Hendriks ME; Cadena LH; Herrala S; Heshmat R; Hihtaniemi IT; Ho SY; Ho SC; Hobbs M; Hofman A; Hormiga CM; Horta BL; Houti L; Howitt C; Htay TT; Htet AS; Htike MMT; Hu Y; Husseini A; Huu CN; Huybrechts I; Hwalla N; Iacoviello L; Iannone AG; Ibrahim MM; Ikeda N; Arfan Ikram M; Irazola VE; Islam M; Ivkovic V; Iwasaki M; Jackson RT; Jacobs JM; Jafar T; Jamil KM; Jamrozik K; Janszky I; Jasienska G; Jelakovic B; Jiang CQ; Joffres M; Johansson M; Jonas JB; Jørgensen T; Joshi P; Juolevi A; Jurak G; Jureša V; Kaaks R; Kafatos A; Kalter-Leibovici O; Kapantais E; Kasaeian A; Katz J; Kaur P; Kavousi M; Keil U; Boker LK; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S; Kelishadi R; Kemper HCG; Kengne AP; Kersting M; Key T; Khader YS; Khalili D; Khang Y-H; Khaw K-TH; Khouw IMSL; Kiechl S; Killewo J; Kim J; Klimont J; Klumbiene J; Koirala B; Kolle E; Kolsteren P; Korrovits P; Koskinen S; Kouda K; Koziel S; Kratzer W; Krokstad S; Kromhout D; Kruger HS; Kubinova R; Kujala UM; Kula K; Kulaga Z; Krishna Kumar R; Kurjata P; Kusuma YS; Kuulasmaa K; Kyobutungi C; Laamiri FZ; Laatikainen T; Lachat C; Laid Y; Lam TH; Landrove O; Lanska V; Lappas G; Larijani B; Laugsand LE; Bao KLN; Le TD; Leclercq C; Lee J; Lee J; Lehtimäki T; Rampal L; León-Muñoz LM; Li Y; Lilly CL; Lim W-Y; Fernanda Lima-Costa M; Lin H-H; Lin X; Linneberg A; Lissner L; Litwin M; Liu J; Lorbeer R; Lotufo PA; Lozano JE; Luksiene D; Lundqvist A; Lunet N; Lytsy P; Ma G; Ma J; Machado-Coelho GLL; Machi S; Maggi S; Magliano DJ; Maire B; Makdisse M; Malekzadeh R; Malhotra R; Rao KM; Malyutina S; Manios Y; Mann JI; Manzato E; Margozzini P; Markey O; Marques-Vidal P; Marrugat J; Martin-Prevel Y; Martorell R; Masoodi SR; Mathiesen EB; Matsha TE; Mazur A; Mbanya JCN; McFarlane SR; McGarvey ST; McKee M; McLachlan S; McLean RM; McNulty BA; Yusof SM; Mediene-Benchekor S; Meirhaeghe A; Meisinger C; Menezes AMB; Mensink GBM; Meshram II; Metspalu A; Mi J; Michaelsen KF; Mikkel K; Miller JC; Miquel JF; Jaime Miranda J; Mišigoj-Durakovic M; Mohamed MK; Mohammad K; Mohammadifard N; Mohan V; Yusoff MFM; Molbo D; Møller NC; Molnár D; Mondo CK; Monterrubio EA; Monyeki KDK; Moreira LB; Morejon A; Moreno LA; Morgan K; Mortensen EL; Moschonis G; Mossakowska M; Mostafa A; Mota J; Motlagh ME; Motta J; Mu TT; Muiesan ML; Müller-Nurasyid M; Murphy N; Mursu J; Murtagh EM; Musa KI; Musil V; Nagel G; Nakamura H; Námešná J; Nang EEK; Nangia VB; Nankap M; Narake S; Navarrete-Muñoz EM; Neal WA; Nenko I; Neovius M; Nervi F; Neuhauser HK; Nguyen ND; Nguyen QN; Nieto-Martínez RE; Ning G; Ninomiya T; Nishtar S; Noale M; Norat T; Noto D; Nsour MA; O’Reilly D; Oh K; Olayan IH; Olinto MTA; Oltarzewski M; Omar MA; Onat A; Ordunez P; Ortiz AP; Osler M; Osmond C; Ostojic SM; Otero JA; Overvad K; Owusu-Dabo E; Paccaud FM; Padez C; Pahomova E; Pajak A; Palli D; Palloni A; Palmieri L; Panda-Jonas S; Panza F; Parnell WR; Parsaeian M; Pecin I; Pednekar MS; Peeters PH; Peixoto SV; Peltonen M; Pereira AC; Pérez CM; Peters A; Petkeviciene J; Peykari N; Pham ST; Pigeot I; Pikhart H; Pilav A; Pilotto L; Pistelli F; Pitakaka F; Piwonska A; Plans-Rubió P; Poh BK; Porta M; Portegies MLP; Poulimeneas D; Pradeepa R; Prashant M; Price JF; Puiu M; Punab M; Qasrawi RF; Qorbani M; Bao TQ; Radic I; Radisauskas R; Rahman M-M; Raitakari O; Raj M; Rao SR; Ramachandran A; Ramke J; Ramos R; Rampal S; Rasmussen F; Redon J; Reganit PFM; Ribeiro R; Riboli E; Rigo F; Rinke de Wit TF; Ritti-Dias RM; Rivera JA; Robinson SM; Robitaille C; Rodríguez-Artalejo F; Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez M; Rodríguez-Villamizar LA; Rojas-Martinez R; Rojroong-Wasinkul N; Romaguera D; Ronkainen K; Rosengren A; Rouse I; Rubinstein A; Rühli FJ; Rui O; Ruiz-Betancourt BS; Russo Horimoto ARV; Rutkowski M; Sabanayagam C; Sachdev HS; Saidi O; Salanave B; Martinez ES; Salomaa V; Salonen JT; Salvetti M; Sánchez-Abanto J; Sandjaja; Sans S; Santos DA; Santos O; Dos Santos RN; Santos R; Saramies JL; Sardinha LB; Sarrafzadegan N; Saum K-U; Savva SC; Scazufca M; Rosario AS; Schargrodsky H; Schienkiewitz A; Schmidt IM; Schneider IJ; Schultsz C; Schutte AE; Sein AA; Sen A; Senbanjo IO; Sepanlou SG; Shalnova SA; Sharma SK; Shaw JE; Shibuya K; Shin DW; Shin Y; Shiri R; Siantar R; Sibai AM; Silva AM; Silva DAS; Simon M; Simons J; Simons LA; Sjostrom M; Slowikowska-Hilczer J; Slusarczyk P; Smeeth L; Smith MC; Snijder MB; So H-K; Sobngwi E; Söderberg S; Soekatri MYE; Solfrizzi V; Sonestedt E; Song Y; Sørensen TIA; Soric M; Jérome CS; Soumare A; Staessen JA; Starc G; Stathopoulou MG; Staub K; Stavreski B; Steene-Johannessen J; Stehle P; Stein AD; Stergiou GS; Stessman J; Stieber J; Stöckl D; Stocks T; Stokwiszewski J; Stratton G; Stronks K; Strufaldi MW; Sun C-A; Sundström J; Sung Y-T; Sunyer J; Suriyawongpaisal P; Swinburn BA; Sy RG; Szponar L; Shyong Tai E; Tammesoo M-L; Tamosiunas A; Tang L; Tang X; Tanser F; Tao Y; Tarawneh MR; Tarp J; Tarqui-Mamani CB; Taylor A; Tchibindat F; Theobald H; Thijs L; Thuesen BH; Tjonneland A; Tolonen HK; Tolstrup JS; Topbas M; Topór-Madry R; Torrent M; Toselli S; Traissac P; Trichopoulou A; Trichopoulos D; Trinh OTH; Trivedi A; Tshepo L; Tulloch-Reid MK; Tuomainen T-P; Tuomilehto J; Turley ML; Tynelius P; Tzotzas T; Tzourio C; Ueda P; Ukoli FAM; Ulmer H; Unal B; Uusitalo HMT; Valdivia G; Vale S; Valvi D; van der Schouw YT; Van Herck K; Van Minh H; van Rossem L; van Valkengoed IGM; Vanderschueren D; Vanuzzo D; Vatten L; Vega T; Velasquez-Melendez G; Veronesi G; Monique Verschuren WM; Verstraeten R; Victora CG; Viegi G; Viet L; Viikari-Juntura E; Vineis P; Vioque J; Virtanen JK; Visvikis-Siest S; Viswanathan B; Vollenweider P; Voutilainen S; Vrdoljak A; Vrijheid M; Wade AN; Wagner A; Walton J; Mohamud WNW; Wang M-D; Wang Q; Wang YX; Goya Wannamethee S; Wareham N; Weerasekera D; Whincup PH; Widhalm K; Widyahening IS; Wiecek A; Wijga AH; Wilks RJ; Willeit J; Wilsgaard T; Wojtyniak B; Wong JE; Wong TY; Woo J; Woodward M; Wu FC; Wu J; Wu SL; Xu H; Xu L; Yamborisut U; Yan W; Yang X; Yardim N; Ye X; Yiallouros PK; Yoshihara A; You QS; Younger-Coleman NO; Yusoff AF; Zainuddin AA; Zambon S; Zdrojewski T; Zeng Y; Zhao D; Zhao W; Zheng Y; Zhou M; Zhu D; Zimmermann E; Cisneros JZ; NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

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Abstract

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3- 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8- 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries. © NCD Risk Factor Collaboration.

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