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We thank Anna Gandaglia for her administrative support in the coordination of all co-authors and supporting the EAACI ROC.

Analysis of institutional authors

Del Pozo, VAuthor

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Article

COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or biologicals-EAACI recommendations

Publicated to:Allergy. 77 (8): 2313-2336 - 2022-08-01 77(8), DOI: 10.1111/all.15252

Authors: Jutel, Marek; Torres, Maria J.; Palomares, Oscar; Akdis, Cezmi A.; Eiwegger, Thomas; Untersmayr, Eva; Barber, Domingo; Zemelka-Wiacek, Magdalena; Kosowska, Anna; Palmer, Elizabeth; Vieths, Stefan; Mahler, Vera; Canonica, Walter G.; Nadeau, Kari; Shamji, Mohamed H.; Agache, Ioana;

Affiliations

2nd Fac Med, Dept Immunol, Prague, Czech Republic - Author
Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Med, Dept Resp Dis & Allergy, Aarhus, Denmark - Author
ALL MED Med Res Inst, Wroclaw, Poland - Author
Amsterdam Univ Med Ctr, Locat AMC Dept Expt Immunol, Amsterdam, Netherlands - Author
Amsterdam Univ Med Ctr, Locat AMC Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Amsterdam, Netherlands - Author
Ankara Univ, Fac Med, Div Allergy & Immunol, Ankara, Turkey - Author
Asthma UK Ctr Allerg Mech Asthma, London, England - Author
Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Nicolae Malaxa Clin Hosp, Dept Allergol, Bucharest, Romania - Author
CEU Univ, Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Med, Inst Med Mol Aplicada IMMA,Dept Ciencias Med Basi, Madrid, Spain - Author
Christine Kuhne Ctr Allergy Res & Educ CK CARE, Davos, Switzerland - Author
CIBER Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Madrid, Spain - Author
Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept ENT, Copenhagen, Denmark - Author
Ctr Hosp Univ Sao Joao, Immunoallergol Dept, Porto, Portugal - Author
Ctr Rhinol & Allergol, Wiesbaden, Germany - Author
Dept Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Stanford, CA USA - Author
Gregorio Maranon Hlth Res Inst IiSGM, Madrid, Spain - Author
Guys & St Thomas Hosp, Childrens Allergy Serv, London, England - Author
Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA - Author
Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Allergy Serv, Madrid, Spain - Author
Hosp Sick Children, Dept 13 Pediat, Div Immunol & Allergy, Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Program, Toronto, ON, Canada - Author
Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Translat Med Program, Toronto, ON, Canada - Author
Hosp St Joan de Deu, Pediat Allergy & Clin Immunol Dept, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy - Author
Imperial Coll London, Natl Heart & Lung Inst NHLI, London, England - Author
Imperial Coll London, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Allergy & Clin Immunol,MRC & Asthma UK Ctr Allerg, Inflammat Repair & Dev,Immunomodulat & Tolerance, London, England - Author
Imperial Coll, Dept Paediat, London, England - Author
Inst Recerca St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain - Author
IRCCS Humanitas Res Hosp, Personalized Med Asthma Allergy Ctr, Milan, Italy - Author
Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Immunol & Allerg Dis, Istanbul, Turkey - Author
Italian Natl Res Council IFT CNR, Inst Translat Pharmacol, Rome, Italy - Author
Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, Sch Life Course Sci, Dept Women & Childrens Hlth,Paediat Allergy, London, England - Author
Kings Coll London, Sch Immunol & Microbial Sci, Peter Gorer Dept Immunobiol, London, England - Author
Lucus Augusti Univ Hosp, EOXI Lugo Monforte Cervo, Pneumol Serv, Biodiscovery Res Grp,Hlth Res Inst Santiago de Co, Lugo, Spain - Author
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA 02114 USA - Author
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pediat, Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA 02114 USA - Author
Med Univ Graz, Dept Dermatol & Venerol, Graz, Austria - Author
Med Univ Silesia, Dept Internal Med Allergy & Clin Immunol, Katowice, Poland - Author
Med Univ Vienna, Ctr Pathophysiol Infectiol & Immunol, Inst Pathophysiol & Allergy Res, Vienna, Austria - Author
Motol Univ Hosp, Prague, Czech Republic - Author
Natl Hosp Org Sagamihara, Clin Res Ctr Allergy & Rheumatol, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan - Author
Natl Res Ctr, Inst Immunol, Lab Mol Immunol, Fed Medicobiol Agcy, Moscow, Russia - Author
Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Allergy & Clin Immunol, Tokyo, Japan - Author
Nofer Inst Occupat Med, Dept Occupat Dis & Environm Hlth, Lodz, Poland - Author
Oasi Res Inst IRCCS, Troina, Italy - Author
Outpatient Allergy Clin, Vienna, Austria - Author
Paul Ehrlich Inst, Fed Inst Vaccines & Biomed, Langen, Germany - Author
Paul Ehrlich Inst, Langen, Germany - Author
Philipps Univ Marburg, Univ Hosp Marburg, Sect Rhinol & Allergy, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Marburg, Germany - Author
Pirogov Russian Natl Res Med Univ, Moscow, Russia - Author
Reg Univ Hosp Malaga, Allergy Unit, IBIMA UMA ARADyAL BIONAND, Malaga, Spain - Author
Royal Brompton & Harefield Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, London, England - Author
Sechenov Univ, Fac Paediat, Moscow, Russia - Author
Sorbonne Univ, Inst Pierre Louis Epidemiol & Sante Publ, Dept Dermatol & Allergol, Hop Tenon,AP HP,INSERM, Paris, France - Author
Strasbourg Univ Hosp, Head & Chest Dis Dept, Strasbourg, France - Author
Tech Univ Munich, Dept Dermatol & Allergy Biederstein, Munich, Germany - Author
Transylvania Univ, Brasov, Romania - Author
Univ Athens, Attikon Univ Hosp, Med Sch, Dept Dermatol & Venereol,Allergy Unit D Kalogerom, Athens, Greece - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, IIS FJD, UAM, Immunol Dept,Inst Invest Sanitaria,Fdn Jimenez Di, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia - Author
Univ Cagliari, Dept Med Sci & Publ Hlth, Cagliari, Italy - Author
Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA - Author
Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fdn Policlin Univ A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy - Author
Univ CEU San Pablo, Sch Med, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Childrens Hosp Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia - Author
Univ Coll Cork, Sch Appl Psychol, Cork, Ireland - Author
Univ Complutense Madrid, Sch Chem, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Complutense, Hosp Clin San Carlos, Fac Med, Allergy Dept,IdISSC,ARADyAL, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen Res Inst Asthma & COPD GRIAC, Dept Clin Pharm & Pharmacol, Groningen, Netherlands - Author
Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Dermatol & Allergol, Inflammat Ctr, Helsinki, Finland - Author
Univ Hosp Careggi, Immunoallergol Unit, Florence, Italy - Author
Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Woman Children Teenagers, Pediat Allergy Unit, Geneva, Switzerland - Author
Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Sch Biomed Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England - Author
Univ Leeds, Leeds Inst Med Res St Jamess, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England - Author
Univ Med Berlin, Dept Dermatol Venereol & Allergol, Allergol & Immunol, Berlin, Germany - Author
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Dermatol Allergol, Utrecht, Netherlands - Author
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Immunol, Utrecht, Netherlands - Author
Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Allergy & Immunol Div, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA - Author
Univ Porto, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Basic & Clin Immunol, Porto, Portugal - Author
Univ Porto, Inst Saude Publ, Inst Publ Hlth EPIUnit, Epidemiol Res Unit, Porto, Portugal - Author
Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Syst Med, Rome, Italy - Author
Univ Southern Denmark, Odense Univ Hosp, Odense Res Ctr Anaphylaxis ORCA, Dept Dermatol & Allergy Ctr, Odense, Denmark - Author
Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Immunol, Toronto, ON, Canada - Author
Univ Zurich, Swiss Inst Allergy & Asthma Res SIAF, Zurich, Switzerland - Author
Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Clin Immunol, Wroclaw, Poland - Author
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Abstract

Immune modulation is a key therapeutic approach for allergic diseases, asthma and autoimmunity. It can be achieved in an antigen-specific manner via allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or in an endotype-driven approach using biologicals that target the major pathways of the type 2 (T2) immune response: immunoglobulin (Ig)E, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-4/IL-13 or non-type 2 response: anti-cytokine antibodies and B-cell depletion via anti-CD20. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination provides an excellent opportunity to tackle the global pandemics and is currently being applied in an accelerated rhythm worldwide. The vaccine exerts its effects through immune modulation, induces and amplifies the response against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, as there may be a discernible interference between these treatment modalities, recommendations on how they should be applied in sequence are expected. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) assembled an expert panel under its Research and Outreach Committee (ROC). This expert panel evaluated the evidence and have formulated recommendations on the administration of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with allergic diseases and asthma receiving AIT or biologicals. The panel also formulated recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine in association with biologicals targeting the type 1 or type 3 immune response. In formulating recommendations, the panel evaluated the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection, of COVID-19 vaccine, of AIT and of biologicals and considered the data published for other anti-infectious vaccines administered concurrently with AIT or biologicals.

Keywords

allergenallergybiologicalscovid-19immunotherapyAllergenAllergyBiologicalsCovid-19Down-regulationImmune-responsesImmunogenicityImmunotherapyInfectionInfluenza vaccinationMrna vaccinesSafetySarsSevere asthmaT-cell responsesVaccines

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Allergy due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 2/28, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Allergy. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.46. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.58 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 4.21 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-19, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 11
  • Scopus: 17
  • OpenCitations: 13

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-19:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 55.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 55 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 37.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 4 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 44 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 1 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Austria; Canada; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; Oman; Poland; Portugal; Rumanía; Russia; Serbia; Switzerland; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States of America.