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Grant support

This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO (projects PN MAT2015-65354-C2-1-R), the Catalan AGAUR (project 2014 SGR 80), the ERC under the EU-FP7 (ERC-Co 615954), and the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706). A.C.S. thanks the Spanish MINECO for Juan de la Cierva fellowship (IJCI-2016-29802).

Analysis of institutional authors

Troyano Prieto, JavierAuthor

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February 8, 2022
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Programmable Self-Assembling 3D Architectures Generated by Patterning of Swellable MOF-Based Composite Films

Publicated to:ADVANCED MATERIALS. 31 (21): e1808235- - 2019-05-01 31(21), DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808235

Authors: Troyano, Javier; Carne-Sanchez, Arnau; Maspoch, Daniel;

Affiliations

CSIC, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Campus UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain - Author
CSIC, Catalan Inst Nanosci & Nanotechnol ICN2, Campus UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain - Author
ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain - Author

Abstract

The integration of swellable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into polymeric composite films is a straightforward strategy to develop soft materials that undergo reversible shape transformations derived from the intrinsic flexibility of MOF crystals. However, a crucial step toward their practical application relies on the ability to attain specific and programmable actuation, which enables the design of self-shaping objects on demand. Herein, a chemical etching method is demonstrated for the fabrication of patterned composite films showing tunable self-folding response, predictable and reversible 2D-to-3D shape transformations triggered by water adsorption/desorption. These films are fabricated by selective removal of swellable MOF crystals allowing control over their spatial distribution within the polymeric film. Upon exposure to moisture, various programmable 3D architectures, which include a mechanical gripper, a lift, and a unidirectional walking device, are generated. Remarkably, these 2D-to-3D shape transformations can be reversed by light-induced desorption. The reported strategy offers a platform for fabricating flexible MOF-based autonomous soft mechanical devices with functionalities for micromanipulation, automation, and robotics.

Keywords

composite filmmetal-organic frameworkself-foldingsmart materialActuatorComposite filmDrivenMetal-organic frameworkMetal-organic-frameworksPolymer gelSelf-foldingSmart materialStimulus-response

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal ADVANCED MATERIALS due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position 7/314, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Nanoscience & Nanotechnology. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 3.03. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 11.37 (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-12, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 86

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-12:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 66.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 66 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 12.7.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 21 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (TROYANO PRIETO, JAVIER) .