{rfName}
Fi

Indexed in

License and use

Citations

21

Altmetrics

Grant support

We acknowledge M M Ugeda and I Brihuega for the STM image of Fig. 4d. We acknowledge financial support from Spanish MINECO (projects PID2019-106268GB-C31, PID2019-104272RB-C52, ENE2016-79282-C5-4, and MAT2017-83273-R); Comunidad de Madrid (S2018/NMT-4511, NMAT, 2D-CM); and Ramon Areces Foundation. RP, JG-H, and CG-N acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the "Maria de Maeztu" Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (CEX2018000805-M).

Analysis of institutional authors

Zambudio, AAuthorPerez, RAuthorGomez-Herrero, JAuthorGomez-Navarro, CCorresponding Author

Share

August 30, 2021
Publications
>
Article
No

Fine defect engineering of graphene friction

Publicated to:CARBON. 182 735-741 - 2021-09-01 182(), DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.06.064

Authors: Zambudio, Aitor; Gnecco, Enrico; Colchero, Jaime; Perez, Ruben; Gomez-Herrero, Julio; Gomez-Navarro, Cristina

Affiliations

Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Otto Schott Inst Mat Res, D-07743 Jena, Germany - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Condensed Matter Phys Ctr, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Condensed Matter Phys Dept, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Theory Condensed Matter Phys Dept, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Murcia, Opt & Nanophys Res Ctr, Murcia 30100, Spain - Author
See more

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials, in particular graphene, exhibit a low friction coefficient and good wear properties. However, the tribological properties of these materials strongly depend on faint differences at the atomic level, and the coexistence of different type of atomic defects in studied samples up to date led to experimental results difficult to reconcile. In our work, we quantified the influence of controlled-induced atomic monovacancies on the frictional behaviour of graphene. Less than 0.1% of atomic va-cancies induced a fivefold increase in the effective friction coefficient. We showed that friction force microscopy resolved monoatomic vacancies and provided the real-space distribution of their influence on the tribology of graphene. Two factors contributed to this increment in friction: one was related to enhanced reactivity of dangling bonds localized at the monovacancy (similar to 1 nm(2)), that accounted for similar to 20% of the increase; and a more extended one (similar to 25 nm(2)) arose from the long-range strain distribution around these defects, characteristic of graphene. These results unveil the subtle connection between friction, reactivity, and mechanical properties in two-dimensional materials. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords

DefectsFrictionGrapheneTribologyVacancies

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal CARBON due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 40/345, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Materials Science, Multidisciplinary.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.4. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 7.65 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-23, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 21

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-23:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 25.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 27 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 4 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Germany.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (ZAMBUDIO SEPULVEDA, AITOR) and Last Author (GOMEZ-NAVARRO GONZALEZ, CRISTINA).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been GOMEZ-NAVARRO GONZALEZ, CRISTINA.