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Grant support

The research group of FdC was currently supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigacion [grant nos. PID2019-109858RB-100, RD16-0015-0019 (partially financed by F.E.D.E.R.: European Union Una manera de hacer Europa), and EIN2020-112366], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-CSIC/Spanish Research Council (grant nos. 2019AEP033 and LINKA20268), the Fundacion Ramon Areces (Spain, grant no. CIVP19A5917), the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain, grant no. IND2018/BMD-9751), and a grant from the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) History Online Project Grants Call 2018. CN received funding from RTI2018-097838-B-I00, granted by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PI: Prof. Eduardo Demetrio Crespo).

Analysis of institutional authors

Nombela, CAuthor

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Article

Women Neuroscientist Disciples of Pio del Rio-Hortega: the Cajal School Spreads in Europe and South America

Publicated to:Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 15 666938-: 666938 - 2021-05-10 15(), DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.666938

Authors: Nombela, Cristina; Fernandez-Egea, Emilio; Gine, Elena; Worbe, Yulia; Del Rio-Hortega Bereciartu, Juan; de Castro, Fernando;

Affiliations

‎ CSIC, Spanish Res Council, Inst Cajal CSIC, Madrid, Spain - Author
‎ Sorbonne Univ, St Antoine Hosp, Dept Neurophysiol, Paris, France - Author
‎ Univ Autonoma Madrid, Biol & Hlth Psychol Dept, Madrid, Spain - Author
‎ Univ Cambridge, Behav & Clin Neurosci Inst, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England - Author
‎ Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Blol Celular, Madrid, Spain - Author
‎ Univ Valladolid, Dept Pediat Inmunol Obstet Ginecol Nutr Bromatol, Valladolid, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Pio del Rio-Hortega was not only the discoverer of the microglia and oligodendroglia but also possibly the most prolific mentor of all Santiago Ramon y Cajal's disciples (Nobel awardee in Physiology or Medicine 1906 and considered as the father of modern Neuroscience). Among Rio-Hortega's mentees, three exceptional women are frequently forgotten, chronologically: Pio's niece Asuncion Amo del Rio who worked with Rio-Hortega at Madrid, Paris, and Oxford; the distinguished British neuropathologist Dorothy Russell who also worked with Don Pio at Oxford; and Amanda Pellegrino de Iraldi, the last mentee in his career. Our present work analyzes the figures of these three women who were in contact and collaborated with Don Pio del Rio-Hortega, describing the influences received and the impact on their careers and the History of Neuroscience. The present work completes the contribution of women neuroscientists who worked with Cajal and his main disciples of the Spanish Neurological School both in Spain (previous work) and in other countries (present work).

Keywords

amanda pellegrino de iraldidorothy russellfemale neuroscientistshistory of neurosciencemicrogliaoligodendrocytespanish neurological schoolAcetylcholineAmanda pellegrino de iraldiBrainDorothy russellFemale neuroscientistsHistory of neuroscienceMicrogliaNerve-endingsOestradiolOligodendrocytePioneer female scientistsSpanish neurological schoolSystemVesicles

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position 2/21, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Anatomy & Morphology. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-22:

  • Scopus: 1
  • OpenCitations: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-22:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 5.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 36.7.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 52 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on Wikipedia: 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: France; United Kingdom.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (NOMBELA OTERO, CRISTINA) .