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Niro, VivianaAuthorMaltoni, MicheleAuthor

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Review

A white paper on keV sterile neutrino dark matter

Publicated to:JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS. 2017 (1): - 2017-01-01 2017(1), DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2017/01/025

Authors: Adhikari R; Agostini M; Anh Ky N; Araki T; Archidiacono M; Bahr M; Baur J; Behrens J; Bezrukov F; Bhupal Dev PS; Borah D; Boyarsky A; De Gouvea A; Pires CADS; De Vega HJ; Dias AG; Di Bari P; Djurcic Z; Dolde K; Dorrer H; Durero M; Dragoun O; Drewes M; Drexlin G; Düllmann CE; Eberhardt K; Eliseev S; Enss C; Evans NW; Faessler A; Filianin P; Fischer V; Fleischmann A; Formaggio JA; Franse J; Fraenkle FM; Frenk CS; Fuller G; Gastaldo L; Garzilli A

Affiliations

Aarhus Universitet - Author
APC - AstroParticule et Cosmologie - Author
Argonne National Laboratory - Author
Durham University - Author
Excellence Cluster ORIGINS - Author
Gran Sasso Science Institute - Author
Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers - Author
Institute for Advanced Studies - Author
Institute for Advanced Study of Technical University of Munich - Author
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Author
Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science - Author
Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics, Leiden - Author
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari - Author
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli - Author
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino - Author
Jamia Millia Islamia - Author
Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz - Author
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Author
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North - Author
Leiden University - Author
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Author
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Author
Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Author
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma - Author
Saint Petersburg State University - Author
Saitama University - Author
Stony Brook University - Author
The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Author
The University of Sydney - Author
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Author
Università degli Studi di Genova - Author
University of Bern - Author
University of California, Berkeley - Author
University of California, San Diego - Author
University of California, Santa Barbara - Author
University of California, Santa Cruz - Author
University of Connecticut - Author
University of Southampton - Author
Vietnam National University Hanoi - Author
Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology Institute of Physics and Electronics - Author
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Abstract

© 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl. We present a comprehensive review of keV-scale sterile neutrino Dark Matter, collecting views and insights from all disciplines involved - cosmology, astrophysics, nuclear, and particle physics - in each case viewed from both theoretical and experimental/observational perspectives. After reviewing the role of active neutrinos in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, we focus on sterile neutrinos in the context of the Dark Matter puzzle. Here, we first review the physics motivation for sterile neutrino Dark Matter, based on challenges and tensions in purely cold Dark Matter scenarios. We then round out the discussion by critically summarizing all known constraints on sterile neutrino Dark Matter arising from astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical considerations. In this context, we provide a balanced discourse on the possibly positive signal from X-ray observations. Another focus of the paper concerns the construction of particle physics models, aiming to explain how sterile neutrinos of keV-scale masses could arise in concrete settings beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. The paper ends with an extensive review of current and future astrophysical and laboratory searches, highlighting new ideas and their experimental challenges, as well as future perspectives for the discovery of sterile neutrinos.

Keywords

3.5 kev lineBaryon acoustic-oscillationsCosmological neutrinosDark matter experimentsDark matter theoryDouble-beta decayExpectation value formalismHierarchical galaxy formationLyman-alpha forestMilky-way satellitesParticle physics - cosmology connectionRight-handed neutrinosX-ray-emissionXmm-newton observations

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2017, it was in position 6/29, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Physics, Particles & Fields.

This publication has been distinguished as a “Highly Cited Paper” by the agencies WoS (ESI, Clarivate) and ESI (Clarivate), meaning that it ranks within the top 1% of the most cited articles in its thematic field during the year of its publication. In terms of the observed impact of the contribution, this work is considered one of the most influential worldwide, as it is recognized as highly cited. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

And this is evidenced by the extremely high normalized impacts through some of the main indicators of this type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of calculation, already indicate that they are well above the average in different agencies:

  • Normalization of citations relative to the expected citation rate (ESI) by the Clarivate agency: 15.28 (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 160.01 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-17, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 376
  • OpenCitations: 258

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-17:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 174.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 174 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 14.58.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 1 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 10 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Belgium; Brazil; China; Czech Republic; Denmark; France; Germany; Hungary; India; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; Russia; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom; United States of America; Vietnam.