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Grant support

We thank A. Font, F. Marchesano, V. Martin-Lozano, A. Uranga, I. Valenzuela, C. Vafa and especially M. Montero for useful discussions and suggestions. This work has been supported by the ERC Advanced Grant SPLE under contract ERC-2012-ADG-20120216-320421, by the grant FPA2012-32828 from the MINECO, and the grant SEV-2012-0249 of the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme. A.H. is supported by the Spanish FPU Grant No. FPU15/05012 and E.G. by the Spanish FPU Grant No. FPU16/03985.

Analysis of institutional authors

Gonzalo, EduardoCorresponding AuthorHerraez, AlvaroAuthorIbáñez, Luis E.Author

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Article

AdS-phobia, the WGC, the Standard Model and Supersymmetry

Publicated to:Journal Of High Energy Physics. 2018 (6): - 2018-06-01 2018(6), DOI: 10.1007/JHEP06(2018)051

Authors: Gonzalo, Eduardo; Herraez, Alvaro; Ibanez, Luis E.;

Affiliations

Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Inst Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author

Abstract

It has been recently argued that an embedding of the SM into a consistent theory of quantum gravity may imply important constraints on the mass of the lightest neutrino and the cosmological constant Lambda(4). The constraints come from imposing the absence of any non-SUSY AdS stable vacua obtained from any consistent compactification of the SM to 3 or 2 dimensions. This condition comes as a corollary of a recent extension of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) by Ooguri and Vafa. In this paper we study T-2/Z(N) compactifications of the SM to two dimensions in which SM Wilson lines are projected out, leading to a considerable simplification. We analyze in detail a T-2/Z(4) compactification of the SM in which both complex structure and Wilson line scalars are fixed and the potential is only a function of the area of the torus a(2). We find that the SM is not robust against the appearance of AdS vacua in 2D and hence would be by itself inconsistent with quantum gravity. On the contrary, if the SM is embedded at some scale M-SS into a SUSY version like the MSSM, the AdS vacua present in the non-SUSY case disappear or become unstable. This means that WGC arguments favor a SUSY version of the SM, independently of the usual hierarchy problem arguments. In a T-2/Z(4) compactification in which the orbifold action is embedded into the B - L symmetry the bounds on neutrino masses and the cosmological constant are recovered. This suggests that the MSSM should be extended with a U(1)(B-L) gauge group. In other families of vacua the spectrum of SUSY particles is further constrained in order to avoid the appearance of new AdS vacua or instabilities. We discuss a possible understanding of the little hierarchy problem in this context.

Keywords

AnomaliesCompactification and string modelsDimensional string compactificationsDiscrete gauge symmetriesEffective field-theoriesHiggs massMssm-likeOrientifoldsStabilitySupergravitySuperstring vacuaSupersymmetric standard modelWeak gravity conjecture

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of High Energy Physics due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2018, it was in position 5/29, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Physics, Particles & Fields.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.34. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.82 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 12.55 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-20, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 25
  • Scopus: 28
  • Google Scholar: 34
  • OpenCitations: 23

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-20:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 10.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 10 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 5.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 12 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Additionally, the work has been submitted to a journal classified as Diamond in relation to this type of editorial policy.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/685176

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GONZALO BADIA, EDUARDO) and Last Author (IBAÑEZ SANTIAGO, LUIS ENRIQUE).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been GONZALO BADIA, EDUARDO.