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Carrillo De Santa Pau, EnriqueAuthorRius Fortea, PalomaAuthor
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Five-Year Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease (Stage 3-5) and Associated Risk Factors in a Spanish Cohort: The MADIABETES Study

Publicated to:PLoS ONE. 10 (4): 0122030-e0122030 - 2015-04-09 10(4), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122030

Authors: Salinero-Fort, Miguel A.; San Andres-Rebollo, Francisco J.; de Burgos-Lunar, Carmen; Gomez-Campelo, Paloma; Chico-Moraleja, Rosa M.; Lopez de Andres, Ana; Jimenez-Garcia, Rodrigo;MADIABETES Grp

Affiliations

Hosp Cent Def Gomez Ulla, Unidad Med Interna, Serv Madrileno Salud, Madrid, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Hosp Univ La Paz IdiPAZ, Plataforma Apoyo Invest Novel, Madrid, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Hosp Univ La Paz IdiPAZ, Red Invest Serv Salud Enfermedades Cronicas REDIS, Serv Madrileno Salud, Gerencia Atenc Primaria Gerencia Adjunta Planific, Madrid, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Hosp Univ La Paz IdiPAZ, Red Invest Serv Salud Enfermedades Cronicas REDIS, Serv Med Prevent, Hosp Univ La Paz,Serv Madrileno Salud, Madrid, Spain - Author
Rey Juan Carlos Univ, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Dept, Madrid, Spain - Author
Serv Madrileno Salud, Ctr Salud Las Calesas, Madrid, Spain - Author
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Abstract

To evaluate the incidence rate of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 3-5 (persistent decreased kidney function under 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) among patients with type 2 diabetes over five years, to identify the risk factors associated with CKD, and develop a risk table to predict five-year CKD stage 3-5 risk stratification for clinical use.The MADIABETES Study is a prospective cohort study of 3,443 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, sampled from 56 primary health care centers (131 general practitioners) in Madrid (Spain).The cumulative incidence of CKD stage 3-5 at five-years was 10.23% (95% CI = 9.12-11.44) and the incidence density was 2.07 (95% CI = 1.83-2.33) cases per 1,000 patient-months or 2.48 (95% CI = 2.19-2.79) cases per 100 patient-years. The highest hazard ratio (HR) for developing CKD stage 3-5 was albuminuria ? 300 mg/g (HR = 4.57; 95% CI= 2.46-8.48). Furthermore, other variables with a high HR were age over 74 years (HR = 3.20; 95% CI = 2.13-4.81), a history of Hypertension (HR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.42-2.89), Myocardial Infarction (HR= 1.72; 95% IC= 1.25-2.37), Dyslipidemia (HR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.30-2.17), duration of diabetes mellitus ? 10 years (HR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.14-1.88) and Systolic Blood Pressure >149 mmHg (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.02-2.24).After a five-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of CKD is concordant with rates described in Spain and other countries. Albuminuria ? 300 mg/g and age over 74 years were the risk factors more strongly associated with developing CKD (Stage 3-5). Blood Pressure, lipid and albuminuria control could reduce CKD incidence of CKD in patients with T2DM.

Keywords
Good health and well-being

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal PLoS ONE due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2015, it was in position 11/62, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary Sciences.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 6.95, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-14, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 19
  • Europe PMC: 20
  • Google Scholar: 31
  • OpenCitations: 27
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-14:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 76.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 76 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 3 - Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, with a probability of 52% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.