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This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 681040. The work of S. Gallus, C. Stival and A. Lugo was partially funded by the Italian League Against Cancer (LILT, Milan) . The work of A. Lugo is supported by AIRC under MFAG 2021-ID. 25840 project-P.I. Lugo Alessandra. O. Tigova, Y. Castellano, M. Fu, A. Mar Lopez, C. Martinez and E. Fernandez are partly supported by the Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (2021SGR00906) , and thank CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya for the institutional support to IDIBELL. O. Tigova is a predoctoral student at CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) and she worked on this manuscript during a research stay funded by the scholarship "2022 Beca Santander d'Investigacio: estades per a doctorands de la Universitat de Barcelona". The sponsors supported work of the research team and had only a supervisory role with no decision-making in deciding study design; in the collection, analysis or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.

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Prevalence and determinants of smoke-free homes in 12 European countries: the TackSHS Survey

Publicated to:ERJ OPEN RESEARCH 11 (2): 009502024- - 2025-03-01 11(2), DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00950-2024

Authors: Tigova, Olena; Stival, Chiara; Castellano, Yolanda; Lugo, Alessandra; Fu, Marcela; Lopez, Anna Mar; Martinez, Cristina; Soriano, Joan B; O'Donnell, Rachel; Semple, Sean; Lopez, Maria J; Fernandez, Esteve; Gallus, Silvano

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Abstract

Background Homes are one of the primary locations where people are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in Europe. We describe the prevalence and identify the main determinants of having home-smoking restrictions in 12 European countries. Methods Cross-sectional survey in 12 European countries conducted in 2017-2018 (TackSHS project). Approximately 1000 participants representing the general population aged ,15 years of each country were interviewed face to face. Individual-and country-level characteristics were explored through adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) obtained from multilevel Poisson models with random effects. Results Among 11 734 participants, 70.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 69.4-71.0%) had smoke-free homes and 17.5% (95% CI 16.8-18.2%) had partial home-smoking restrictions in place. Prevalence of smoke-free homes ranged from 44.4% in Greece to 84.5% in England. Having a smoke-free home was significantly inversely associated with current (PR=0.60) or former (PR=0.95) smoking and living in a household with one (PR=0.70) or two or more (PR=0.58) people who smoke. It was also significantly associated with being ,65 years old (PR=1.05), being female (PR=1.07), having a high educational level (PR=1.09) and living with children (PR=1.09). Having a smoke-free home was associated with living in northern Europe, while partial home-smoking restrictions were more likely among respondents from eastern Europe and countries with lower per capita gross domestic product. Conclusions The prevalence of smoke-free homes in Europe is relatively high, but with large variability across countries. European countries with a lower prevalence of smoke-free homes should implement tailored interventions targeting identified determinants and incorporate the success of other countries.

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