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February 25, 2025
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Plant viruses convergently target NPR1 with various strategies to suppress salicylic acid-mediated antiviral immunity.

Publicated to:Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. - 2025-02-21 (), DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13866

Authors: Jiang X; Yang Y; Li Y; Wang Y; Rodamilans B; Ji W; Wu X; García JA; Wu X; Cheng X

Affiliations

College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. - Author
College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. - Author
Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain. - Author
Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China. - Author

Abstract

NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), the receptor for salicylic acid (SA), plays a central role in the SA-mediated basal antiviral responses. Recent studies have shown that two different plant RNA viruses encode proteins that suppress such antiviral responses by inhibiting its SUMOylation and inducing its degradation, respectively. However, it is unclear whether targeting NPR1 is a general phenomenon in viruses and whether viruses have novel strategies to inhibit NPR1. In the present study, we report that two different positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, namely, alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and potato virus X (PVX); one negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) virus (calla lily chlorotic spot virus, CCSV); and one single-stranded DNA virus (beet severe curly-top virus, BSCTV) that also encode one or more proteins that interact with NPR1. In addition, we found that the AMV-encoded coat protein (CP) can induce NPR1 degradation by recruiting S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1), a key component of the Skp1/cullin1/F-box (SCF) E3 ligase. In contrast, the BSCTV-encoded V2 protein inhibits NPR1 function, probably by affecting its nucleocytoplasmic distribution via the nuclear export factor ALY. Taken together, these data suggest that NPR1 is one of the central hubs in the molecular arms race between plants and viruses and that different viruses have independently evolved different strategies to target NPR1 and disrupt its function.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-07:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 8.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 7 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 5.85.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 11 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.