A normal hearing is crucial for the adequate personal development from the time of the birth, and the posterior integration and interaction with the surrounding environment. Hypoacusia or hearing loss is one of the most common chronic health problems, appearing in different severity grades, and it can be temporary or permanent. It can occur at any age and as a consequence of multiple pathologies such as congenital alterations, infections, autoimmunediseases, neoplasms, trauma, noise exposure, exposure to ototoxic substances, aging, among others. Its classified depending on the location of the alteration and hence, on its clinical features as: conductive, sensorineural, mixed, central. The diagnosis and treatment depend on a sharp and complete anamnesis, physical evaluation, which is the most important step in the otology study, and audiology tests (subjective and objective); being the most important items the tuning fork tests, tone audiometry and tympanometry. Frequently this study is complemented by radiology, especially CT and MRI. The treatment depends on the etiology and classification of the hypoacusia and it involves medical, surgical or prosthetic strategies.