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This work was supported by FIS grants 16/609 and 19/319 (State Secretary of R + D + I and FEDER/FSE), MINECO R + D + I grant (DEP2013-47786-R), the SALAMANDER project (PCIN 2016-145), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) and FEDER funds from the European Union (CB16/10/00477). VC-S is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (IJC2018-038008-I). IE-C is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018095284-J-100). DM-G is supported by a'Ramon y Cajal' contract (RYC-201620546). The funders played no role in the study design, the data collection or analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript.

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Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep, sedentary and active behaviors with mental health in older people: a compositional data analysis from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study

Publicated to:International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 18 (1): 124- - 2021-09-16 18(1), DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01194-9

Authors: Cabanas-Sanchez, Veronica; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Garcia-Esquinas, Esther; Ortola, Rosario; Ara, Ignacio; Rodriguez-Gomez, Irene; Chastin, Sebastien F M; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Martinez-Gomez, David

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Abstract

Background Most studies on the effects of sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), and physical activity (PA) on mental health did not account for the intrinsically compositional nature of the time spent in several behaviors. Thus, we examined the cross-sectional and prospective associations of device-measured compositional time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with depression symptoms, loneliness, happiness, and global mental health in older people (>= 65 years). Methods Data were taken from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 study, with assessments in 2015-2017 (wave 0) and 2018-2019 (wave 1). Time spent in sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA was assessed by wrist-worn accelerometers. Depression symptoms, loneliness, happiness, and global mental health were self-reported using validated questionnaires. Analyses were performed using a compositional data analysis (CoDA) paradigm and adjusted for potential confounders. Results In cross-sectional analyses at wave 0 (n = 2489), time-use composition as a whole was associated with depression and happiness (all p < 0.01). The time spent in MVPA relative to other behaviors was beneficially associated with depression (gamma = -0.397, p < 0.001), loneliness (gamma = -0.124, p = 0.017) and happiness (gamma = 0.243, p < 0.001). Hypothetically, replacing 30-min of Sleep, SB or LPA with MVPA was beneficially cross-sectionally related with depression (effect size [ES] ranged -0.326 to -0.246), loneliness (ES ranged -0.118 to -0.073), and happiness (ES ranged 0.152 to 0.172). In prospective analyses (n = 1679), MVPA relative to other behaviors at baseline, was associated with favorable changes in global mental health (gamma = 0.892, p = 0.049). We observed a beneficial prospective effect on global mental health when 30-min of sleep (ES = 0.521), SB (ES = 0.479) or LPA (ES = 0.755) were theoretically replaced for MVPA. Conclusions MVPA was cross-sectionally related with reduced depression symptoms and loneliness and elevated level of happiness, and prospectively related with enhanced global mental health. Compositional isotemporal analyses showed that hypothetically replacing sleep, SB or LPA with MVPA could result in modest but significantly improvements on mental health indicators. Our findings add evidence to the emerging body of research on 24-h time-use and health using CoDA and suggest an integrated role of daily behaviors on mental health in older people.

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