October 8, 2024
Publications
>
Article
No

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Publicated to: Lancet. 403 (10431): 1027-1050 - 2024-03-16 403(10431), DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2

Authors:

Phelps, Nowell H; Phelps, Nowell H; Singleton, Rosie K; Singleton, Rosie K; Zhou, Bin; Heap, Rachel A; Heap, Rachel A; Mishra, Anu; Paciorek, Christopher J; Paciorek, Christopher J; Lhoste, Victor P F; Lhoste, Victor P F; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M; Stevens, Gretchen A; Stevens, Gretchen A; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Bixby, Honor; Bentham, James; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Danaei, Goodarz; Rayner, Archie W; Rayner, Archie W; Barradas-Pires, Ana; Cowan, Melanie J; Cowan, Melanie J; Savin, Stefan; Riley, Leanne M; Riley, Leanne M; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A; Baker, Jennifer L; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Caixeta, Roberta B; Caixeta, Roberta B; Cuschieri, Sarah; Farzadfar, Farshad; Ganapathy, Shubash; Iotova, Violeta; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Ma, Jun; Mbanya, Jean Claude N; Mbanya, Jean Claude N; Miranda, J Jaime; Miranda, J Jaime; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Soric, Maroje; Turley, Maria; Webster-Kerr, Karen; Ezzati, Majid; Aarestrup, Julie; Abarca-Gomez, Leandra; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abdeen, Ziad A; Abdeen, Ziad A; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Rahim, Hanan F Abdul; Rahim, Hanan F Abdul; Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adam, Ishag; Adamczyk, Marzena; Adams, Robert J; Adams, Robert J; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agbor, Valirie N; Agbor, Valirie N; Agdeppa, Imelda A; Agdeppa, Imelda A; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Agren, Asa; Aguenaou, Hassan; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmadi, Nastaran; Ahmed, Imran; Ahmed, Soheir H; Ahmed, Soheir H; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira; Ajlouni, Kamel; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M; Al-Hinai, Halima; Al-Lahou, Badreya; Al-Lawati, Jawad A; Al-Lawati, Jawad A; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Al Asfoor, Deena; Al Hourani, Huda M; Al Hourani, Huda M; Al Qaoud, Nawal M; Al Qaoud, Nawal M; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Aldwairji, Maryam A; Aldwairji, Maryam A; Alexius, Sylvia; Ali, Mohamed M; Ali, Mohamed M; Alieva, Anna V; Alieva, Anna V; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alkhatib, Buthaina M; Alkhatib, Buthaina M; Allin, Kristine; Alomary, Shaker A; Alomary, Shaker A; Alomirah, Husam F; Alomirah, Husam F; Alshangiti, Arwa M; Alshangiti, Arwa M; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N; Amarapurkar, Deepak N; Etxezarreta, Pilar Amiano; Amoah, John; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund A; Anderssen, Sigmund A; Androutsos, Odysseas; Angquist, Lars; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anufrieva, Elena; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araujo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E; Arku, Raphael E; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Aryal, Krishna K; Aryal, Krishna K; Assefa, Nega; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K; Assah, Felix K; Assembekov, Batyrbek; Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F; Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F; Aung, May Soe; de Valois, Correia Junior Marco Aurelio; Auvinen, Juha; Avdicova, Maria; Avi, Shina; Azad, Kishwar; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Babu, Bontha V; Babu, Bontha V; Bacopoulou, Flora; Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard; Baharudin, Azli; Bahijri, Suhad; Bajramovic, Izet; Bakacs, Marta; Baker, Jennifer L; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Balanova, Yulia; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Banegas, Jose R; Banegas, Jose R; Baran, Joanna; Baran, Rafal; Barbagallo, Carlo M; Barbagallo, Carlo M; Filho, Valter Barbosa; Barcelo, Alberto; Baretic, Maja; Barkat, Amina; Barnoya, Joaquin; Barrera, Lena; Barreto, Marta; Barros, Aluisio J D; Barros, Aluisio J D; Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes; Bartosiewicz, Anna; Basit, Abdul; Bastos, Joao Luiz; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M; Batieha, Anwar M; Batista, Aline P; Batista, Aline P; Batista, Rosangela L; Batista, Rosangela L; Battakova, Zhamilya; Baur, Louise A; Baur, Louise A; Bayauli, Pascal M; Bayauli, Pascal M; Beaglehole, Robert; Bel-Serrat, Silvia; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Benedek, Theodora; Benedics, Judith; Benet, Mikhail; Rolandi, Gilda Estela Benitez; Bennett, James E; Bennett, James E; Benzeval, Michaela; Bere, Elling; Berger, Nicolas; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Berhane, Yemane; Berkinbayev, Salim; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Carrasola, Ximena Berrios; Bettiol, Heloisa; Beutel, Manfred E; Beutel, Manfred E; Beybey, Augustin F; Beybey, Augustin F; Bezerra, Jorge; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K; Bhargava, Santosh K; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bi, Hongsheng; Bi, Yufang; Bia, Daniel; Biasch, Katia; Lele, Elysee Claude Bika; Bikbov, Mukharram M; Bikbov, Mukharram M; Bista, Bihungum; Bjelica, Dusko J; Bjelica, Dusko J; Bjerregaard, Anne A; Bjerregaard, Anne A; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius B; Bjertness, Marius B; Bjorkelund, Cecilia; Bloch, Katia V; Bloch, Katia V; Blokstra, Anneke; Magnazu, Moran Blychfeld; Bo, Simona; Bobak, Martin; Boddy, Lynne M; Boddy, Lynne M; Boehm, Bernhard O; Boehm, Bernhard O; Boer, Jolanda M A; Boer, Jolanda M A; Boggia, Jose G; Boggia, Jose G; Bogova, Elena; Boissonnet, Carlos P; Boissonnet, Carlos P; Bojesen, Stig E; Bojesen, Stig E; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Bongard, Vanina; Bonilla-Vargas, Alice; Bopp, Matthias; Borghs, Herman; Botomba, Steve; Bourne, Rupert R A; Bourne, Rupert R A; Bovet, Pascal; Boymatova, Khadichamo; Braeckevelt, Lien; Braeckman, Lutgart; Bragt, Marjolijn C E; Bragt, Marjolijn C E; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Brajkovich, Imperia; Branca, Francesco; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Breda, Joao; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M; Brewster, Lizzy M; Brian, Garry R; Brian, Garry R; Briceno, Yajaira; Brinduse, Lacramioara; Bringolf-Isler, Bettina; Brito, Miguel; Brophy, Sinead; Brug, Johannes; Bruno, Graziella; Bugge, Anna; Buoncristiano, Marta; Burazeri, Genc; Burns, Con; de Leon, Antonio Cabrera; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Cai, Hui; Cama, Tilema; Cameron, Christine; Camolas, Jose; Can, Gunay; Candido, Ana Paula C; Candido, Ana Paula C; Canete, Felicia; Capanzana, Mario V; Capanzana, Mario V; Capkova, Nadezda; Capuano, Eduardo; Capuano, Rocco; Capuano, Vincenzo; Cardol, Marloes; Cardoso, Viviane C; Cardoso, Viviane C; Carlsson, Axel C; Carlsson, Axel C; Carmuega, Esteban; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M; Carvalho, Joana; Casajus, Jose A; Casajus, Jose A; Casanueva, Felipe F; Casanueva, Felipe F; Casas, Maribel; Celikcan, Ertugrul; Censi, Laura; Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin; Cesar, Juraci A; Cesar, Juraci A; Chamnan, Parinya; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chan, Angelique; Chan, Queenie; Charchar, Fadi J; Charchar, Fadi J; Charles, Marie-Aline; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K; Chaturvedi, Nish; Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul; Chee, Miao Li; Chen, Chien-Jen; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Huashuai; Chen, Long-Sheng; Chen, Shuohua; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cheng, Yiling J; Cheng, Yiling J; Cheraghian, Bahman; Chetrit, Angela; Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina; Chinapaw, Mai J M; Chinapaw, Mai J M; Chinnock, Anne; Chiolero, Arnaud; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores; Cho, Belong; Christensen, Kaare; Christofaro, Diego G; Christofaro, Diego G; Chudek, Jerzy; Cifkova, Renata; Cilia, Michelle; Cinteza, Eliza; Cirillo, Massimo; Claessens, Frank; Clare, Philip; Clarke, Janine; Clays, Els; Cohen, Emmanuel; Cojocaru, Cosmin R; Cojocaru, Cosmin R; Colorado-Yohar, Sandra; Compan-Gabucio, Laura-Maria; Concin, Hans; Confortin, Susana C; Confortin, Susana C; Cooper, Cyrus; Coppinger, Tara C; Coppinger, Tara C; Corpeleijn, Eva; Cortes, Lilia Yadira; Costanzo, Simona; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L; Craig, Cora L; Crampin, Amelia C; Crampin, Amelia C; Cross, Amanda J; Cross, Amanda J; Crujeiras, Ana B; Crujeiras, Ana B; Cruz, Juan J; Cruz, Juan J; Csanyi, Tamas; Csilla, Semanova; Cucu, Alexandra M; Cucu, Alexandra M; Cui, Liufu; Cureau, Felipe V; Cureau, Felipe V; Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ewelina; D'Arrigo, Graziella; d'Orsi, Eleonora; da Silva, Alanna G; da Silva, Alanna G; Dacica, Liliana; Dahm, Christina C; Dahm, Christina C; Dallongeville, Jean; Damasceno, Albertino; Damsgaard, Camilla T; Damsgaard, Camilla T; Dankner, Rachel; Dantoft, Thomas M; Dantoft, Thomas M; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Dastgiri, Saeed; Dauchet, Luc; Davletov, Kairat; de Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes; de Assis, Maria Alice Altenburg; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; De Bacquer, Jaco; de Bont, Jeroen; De Curtis, Amalia; Hinnig, Patricia de Fragas; de Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar; De Neve, Jan-Walter; de Oliveira, Paula Duarte; De Ridder, David; De Ridder, Karin; de Rooij, Susanne R; de Rooij, Susanne R; de Sa, Ana Carolina M G N; de Sa, Ana Carolina M G N; De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Deev, Alexander D; Deev, Alexander D; DeGennaro, Vincent, Jr; DeGennaro, Vincent, Jr; Delisle, Helene; Delpeuch, Francis; Demarest, Stefaan; Dennison, Elaine; Deren, Katarzyna; Deschamps, Valerie; Devrishov, Ruslan D; Devrishov, Ruslan D; Dhimal, Meghnath; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena; Diaz, Alejandro; Fernandez, Pedro Diaz; Ripolles, Maria Pilar Diez; Dika, Zivka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Djordjic, Visnja; Do, Ha T P; Do, Ha T P; Dobson, Annette J; Dobson, Annette J; Dominguez, Liria; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Dong, Guanghui; Dong, Yanhui; Donoso, Silvana P; Donoso, Silvana P; Doring, Angela; Dorobantu, Maria; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Dorr, Marcus; Doua, Kouamelan; Dragano, Nico; Drygas, Wojciech; Du, Shufa; Duan, Jia Li; Duante, Charmaine A; Duante, Charmaine A; Duboz, Priscilla; Duleva, Vesselka L; Duleva, Vesselka L; Dulskiene, Virginija; Dumith, Samuel C; Dumith, Samuel C; Dushpanova, Anar; Dwyer, Terence; Dyussupova, Azhar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Ebrahimi, Narges; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Eddie, Ricky; Eftekhar, Ebrahim; Efthymiou, Vasiliki; Egbagbe, Eruke E; Egbagbe, Eruke E; Eggertsen, Robert; Eghtesad, Sareh; Eiben, Gabriele; Ekelund, Ulf; El-Khateeb, Mohammad; El Ammari, Laila; El Ati, Jalila; Eldemire-Shearer, Denise; Elliott, Paul; Enang, Ofem; Endevelt, Ronit; Engle-Stone, Reina; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Erem, Cihangir; Ergor, Gul; Eriksen, Louise; Eriksson, Johan G; Eriksson, Johan G; Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge; Eslami, Saeid; Esmaeili, Ali; Evans, Alun; Evans, Roger G; Evans, Roger G; Faeh, David; Fagherazzi, Guy; Fakhradiyev, Ildar; Fakhretdinova, Albina A; Fakhretdinova, Albina A; Fall, Caroline H; Fall, Caroline H; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Farjam, Mojtaba; Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia; Farzi, Yosef; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Fawwad, Asher; Fawzi, Wafaie W; Fawzi, Wafaie W; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J; Ferguson, Trevor S; Ferguson, Trevor S; Fernandes, Romulo A; Fernandes, Romulo A; Fernandez-Berges, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrao, Thomas; Ferrari, Gerson; Ferrari, Marika; Ferrario, Marco M; Ferrario, Marco M; Ferreccio, Catterina; Ferreira, Haroldo S; Ferreira, Haroldo S; Ferrer, Eldridge; Ferrieres, Jean; Figueiro, Thamara Hubler; Fijalkowska, Anna; Fink, Gunther; Fisberg, Mauro; Fischer, Krista; Foo, Leng Huat; Forsner, Maria; Fottrell, Edward F; Fottrell, Edward F; Fouad, Heba M; Fouad, Heba M; Francis, Damian K; Francis, Damian K; Franco, Maria do Carmo; Fras, Zlatko; Fraser, Brooklyn; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D; Fuchs, Flavio D; Fuchs, Sandra C; Fuchs, Sandra C; Fujiati, Isti I; Fujiati, Isti I; Fujita, Yuki; Fumihiko, Matsuda; Furdela, Viktoriya; Furusawa, Takuro; Gabriela, Stefan Adela; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Gafencu, Mihai; Cuesta, Manuel Galan; Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Galcheva, Sonya V; Galcheva, Sonya V; Galenkamp, Henrike; Galeone, Daniela; Galfo, Myriam; Galvano, Fabio; Gao, Jingli; Gao, Pei; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli; Merida, Maria Jose Garcia; Solano, Marta Garcia; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P; Garnett, Sarah P; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gazzinelli, Andrea; Gehring, Ulrike; Geiger, Harald; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Geleijnse, Johanna M; George, Ronnie; Gerdts, Eva; Ghaderi, Ebrahim; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghanbari, Ali; Ghasemi, Erfan; Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina; Gialluisi, Alessandro; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Gieger, Christian; Gill, Tiffany K; Gill, Tiffany K; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Gironella, Glen; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Glushkova, Natalya; Godara, Ramesh; Godos, Justyna; Gogen, Sibel; Goldberg, Marcel; Goltzman, David; Gomez, Georgina; Gomez, Jesus Humberto Gomez; Gomez, Luis F; Gomez, Luis F; Gomez, Santiago F; Gomez, Santiago F; Gomula, Aleksandra; da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro; Goncalves, Helen; Goncalves, Mauer; Gonzalez-Alvarez, Ana D; Gonzalez-Alvarez, Ana D; Gonzalez-Chica, David A; Gonzalez-Chica, David A; Gonzalez-Gil, Esther M; Gonzalez-Gil, Esther M; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; Gonzalez-Leon, Margot; Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P; Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena; Gonzalez, Angel R; Gonzalez, Angel R; Gottrand, Frederic; Graca, Antonio Pedro; Grafnetter, Dusan; Grajda, Aneta; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G; Gregg, Edward W; Gregg, Edward W; Gregor, Ronald D; Gregor, Ronald D; Gregorio, Maria Joao; Groholt, Else Karin; Grontved, Anders; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gruden, Gabriella; Gu, Dongfeng; Guajardo, Viviana; Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela; Guallar-Castillon, Pilar; Gualtieri, Andrea; Gudmundsson, Elias F; Gudmundsson, Elias F; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerchet, Maelenn; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L; Guimaraes, Andre L; Gujral, Unjali P; Gujral, Unjali P; Gulliford, Martin C; Gulliford, Martin C; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc J; Gunter, Marc J; Guo, Xiu-Hua; Guo, Yin; Gupta, Prakash C; Gupta, Prakash C; Gupta, Rajeev; Gureje, Oye; Gurinovic, Mirjana A; Gurinovic, Mirjana A; Gonzalez, Enrique Gutierrez; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Gwee, Xinyi; Ha, Seongjun; Hadaegh, Farzad; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A; Haghshenas, Rosa; Hakimi, Hamid; Halkjaer, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R; Hambleton, Ian R; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Hanekom, Willem A; Hanekom, Willem A; Hange, Dominique; Hanif, Abu A M; Hanif, Abu A M; Hantunen, Sari; Hao, Jie; Hardman, Carla Meneses; Hardy, Louise; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Lassen, Tina Harmer; Harooni, Javad; Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad; Hassapidou, Maria; Hata, Jun; Haugsgjerd, Teresa; Hayes, Alison J; Hayes, Alison J; He, Jiang; He, Yuan; He, Yuna; Heidinger-Felso, Regina; Heier, Margit; Heinen, Mirjam; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; Henrique, Rafael dos Santos; Henriques, Ana; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez; Herrala, Sauli; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Herrera, Victor M; Herrera, Victor M; Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle; Herzig, Karl-Heinz; Heshmat, Ramin; Heude, Barbara; Hill, Allan G; Hill, Allan G; Ho, Sai Yin; Ho, Suzanne C; Ho, Suzanne C; Hobbs, Michael; Hofelmann, Doroteia A; Hofelmann, Doroteia A; Holdsworth, Michelle; Homayounfar, Reza; Homs, Clara; Hoogendijk, Emiel; Hopman, Wilma M; Hopman, Wilma M; Horimoto, Andrea R V R; Horimoto, Andrea R V R; Hormiga, Claudia M; Hormiga, Claudia M; Horta, Bernardo L; Horta, Bernardo L; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Htay, Thein Thein; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, Jose Maria; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Huiart, Laetitia; Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac; Husseini, Abdullatif; Chinh Nguyen Huu; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Hyska, Jolanda; Iacoviello, Licia; Iakupova, Ellina M; Iakupova, Ellina M; Ibarluzea, Jesus; Ibrahim, Mohsen M; Ibrahim, Mohsen M; Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim; Igland, Jannicke; Ijoma, Chinwuba; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikram, M Arfan; Ikram, M Arfan; Iniguez, Carmen; Irazola, Vilma E; Irazola, Vilma E; Ishida, Takafumi; Isiguzo, Godsent C; Isiguzo, Godsent C; Islam, Muhammad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islek, Duygu; Ittermann, Till; Ivanova-Pandourska, Ivaila Y; Ivanova-Pandourska, Ivaila Y; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jaaskelainen, Tuija; Jackson, Rod T; Jackson, Rod T; Jacobs, Jeremy M; Jacobs, Jeremy M; Jadoul, Michel; Jafar, Tazeen; Jallow, Bakary; James, Kenneth; Jamil, Kazi M; Jamil, Kazi M; Jamrozik, Konrad; Jan, Natasa; Jansson, Anna; Janszky, Imre; Janus, Edward; Jarani, Juel; Jarnig, Gerald; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelakovic, Ana; Jelakovic, Bojan; Jennings, Garry; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Jimenez, Ramon O; Jimenez, Ramon O; Jockel, Karl-Heinz; Joffres, Michel; Jokelainen, Jari J; Jokelainen, Jari J; Jonas, Jost B; Jonas, Jost B; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Kjerpeseth, Lars Joran; Jorgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Joshi, Rohina; Josipovic, Josipa; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek J; Jozwiak, Jacek J; Judge, Debra S; Judge, Debra S; Juolevi, Anne; Jurak, Gregor; Simina, Iulia Jurca; Juresa, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kaducu, Felix O; Kaducu, Felix O; Kadvan, Agnes L; Kadvan, Agnes L; Kafatos, Anthony; Kaj, Monika; Kajantie, Eero O; Kajantie, Eero O; Kakutia, Natia; Kallayova, Daniela; Kalmatayeva, Zhanna; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kameli, Yves; Kanala, Kodanda R; Kanala, Kodanda R; Kannan, Srinivasan; Kapantais, Efthymios; Karaglani, Eva; Karakosta, Argyro; Karhus, Line L; Karhus, Line L; Karki, Khem B; Karki, Khem B; Karlsson, Omat; Anicet, Adoubi Kassi; Katchunga, Philippe B; Katchunga, Philippe B; Katibeh, Marzieh; Katz, Joanne; Katzmarzyk, Peter T; Katzmarzyk, Peter T; Kauhanen, Jussi; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M; Kaze, Francois F; Kaze, Francois F; Kazembe, Benson M; Kazembe, Benson M; Ke, Calvin; Keil, Ulrich; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kelleher, Cecily; Kemper, Han C G; Kemper, Han C G; Kengne, Andre P; Kengne, Andre P; Keramati, Maryam; Kerimkulova, Alina; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khaledifar, Arsalan; Khalili, Davood; Khang, Young-Ho; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khosravi, Alireza; Khouw, Ilse M S L; Khouw, Ilse M S L; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Sophia J; Kiechl, Sophia J; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kim, Jeongseon; Kindblom, Jenny M; Kindblom, Jenny M; Kingston, Andrew; Klakk, Heidi; Klanarong, Suntara; Klanova, Jana; Klimek, Magdalena; Klimont, Jeannette; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Kobel, Susanne; Koirala, Bhawesh; Kolle, Elin; Kolo, Sanda M; Kolo, Sanda M; Kolsteren, Patrick; Konig, Jurgen; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Korzycka, Magdalena; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Simone, Malik Koussoh; Kovacs, Eva; Kovacs, Viktoria Anna; Kovalskys, Irina; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratenova, Jana; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kriaucioniene, Vilma; Kriemler, Susi; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krizan, Helena; Kroker-Lobos, Maria F; Kroker-Lobos, Maria F; Krokstad, Steinar; Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S; Kruger, Herculina S; Kruger, Ruan; Kryst, Lukasz; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M; Kujala, Urho M; Kujundzic, Enisa; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran; Kumar, R Krishna; Kumar, R Krishna; Kumari, Meena; Kunesova, Marie; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S; Kutsenko, Vladimir; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Quang Ngoc La; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Laatikainen, Tiina; Labadarios, Demetre; Lachat, Carl; Lackner, Karl J; Lackner, Karl J; Lai, Daphne; Laid, Youcef; Lall, Lachmie; Lam, Tai Hing; Jimenez, Maritza Landaeta; Landais, Edwige; Lankila, Tiina; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Larissa, Simo Pone; Lateva, Mina P; Lateva, Mina P; Latt, Tint Swe; Laurenzi, Martino; Lauria, Laura; Lazo-Porras, Maria; Le Coroller, Gwenaelle; Khanh Le Nguyen Bao; Le Port, Agnes; Le, Tuyen D; Le, Tuyen D; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Paul H; Lehtimaki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Leong, Elvynna; Leskosek, Branimir; Leszczak, Justyna; Leth-Moller, Katja B; Leth-Moller, Katja B; Leung, Gabriel M; Leung, Gabriel M; Levitt, Naomi S; Levitt, Naomi S; Li, Yanping; Liivak, Merike; Lilly, Christa L; Lilly, Christa L; Lim, Charlie; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M Fernanda; Lima-Costa, M Fernanda; Lin, Xu; Lind, Lars; Lingam, Vijaya; Linkohr, Birgit; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Liu, Jing; Liu, Lijuan; Liu, Liping; Liu, Xiaotian; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Loit, Helle-Mai; Khuong Quynh Long; Abril, Guadalupe Longo; Lopes, Luis; Lopes, Marcus S S; Lopes, Marcus S S; Lopes, Oscar; Lopez-Garcia, Esther; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lozano, Jose Eugenio; Lukrafka, Janice L; Lukrafka, Janice L; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lunet, Nuno; Lunogelo, Charles; Lustigova, Michala; Luszczki, Edyta; M'Buyamba-Kabangu, Jean-Rene; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Xu; Machado-Coelho, George L L; Machado-Coelho, George L L; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M; Macia, Enguerran; Macieira, Luisa M; Macieira, Luisa M; Madar, Ahmed A; Madar, Ahmed A; Madraisau, Sherilynn; Madsen, Anja L; Madsen, Anja L; Maestre, Gladys E; Maestre, Gladys E; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J; Magliano, Dianna J; Magnacca, Sara; Magriplis, Emmanuella; Mahasampath, Gowri; Maire, Bernard; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Maki, Paivi; Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malta, Deborah C; Malta, Deborah C; Malyutina, Sofia K; Malyutina, Sofia K; Maniego, Lynell V; Maniego, Lynell V; Manios, Yannis; Mann, Jim I; Mann, Jim I; Mannix, Masimango Imani; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Manyanga, Taru; Manzato, Enzo; Mapatano, Mala Ali; Marcil, Anie; Margozzini, Paula; Maria-Magdalena, Rosu; Marino, Joany; Markaki, Anastasia; Markey, Oonagh; Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Marques, Larissa Pruner; Marrugat, Jaume; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Martin, Rosemarie; Martorell, Reynaldo; Martos, Eva; Maruf, Fatai A; Maruf, Fatai A; Maruszczak, Katharina; Marventano, Stefano; Masala, Giovanna; Mascarenhas, Luis P; Mascarenhas, Luis P; Masinaei, Masoud; Masoodi, Shariq R; Masoodi, Shariq R; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B; Mathur, Prashant; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matlosz, Piotr; Matsha, Tandi E; Matsha, Tandi E; Matsudo, Victor; Matteo, Giletta; Maulik, Pallab K; Maulik, Pallab K; Mavrogianni, Christina; Mazur, Artur; McFarlane, Shelly R; McFarlane, Shelly R; McGarvey, Stephen T; McGarvey, Stephen T; Mckee, Martin; McLean, Rachael M; McLean, Rachael M; McLean, Scott B; McLean, Scott B; McNairy, Margaret L; McNairy, Margaret L; McNulty, Breige A; McNulty, Breige A; Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene; Medzioniene, Jurate; Mehlig, Kirsten; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisfjord, Jorgen; Meisinger, Christa; Melgarejo, Jesus D; Melgarejo, Jesus D; Melkumova, Marina; Mello, Julio; Mendez, Fabian; Mendivil, Carlos O; Mendivil, Carlos O; Menezes, Ana Maria B; Menezes, Ana Maria B; Menon, Geetha R; Menon, Geetha R; Mensink, Gert B M; Mensink, Gert B M; Menzano, Maria Teresa; Meshram, Indrapal I; Meshram, Indrapal I; Meto, Diane T; Meto, Diane T; Meyer, Haakon E; Meyer, Haakon E; Mi, Jie; Michaelsen, Kim F; Michaelsen, Kim F; Michels, Nathalie; Mikkel, Kairit; Milkowska, Karolina; Miller, Jody C; Miller, Jody C; Milushkina, Olga; Minderico, Claudia S; Minderico, Claudia S; Mini, G K; Mini, G K; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza; Mirkopoulou, Daphne; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta; Mistretta, Antonio; Mocanu, Veronica; Modesti, Pietro A; Modesti, Pietro A; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohamed, Shukri F; Mohamed, Shukri F; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Mohammadi, Zahra; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohanna, Salim; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Mohebbi, Iraj; Moitry, Marie; Mollehave, Line T; Mollehave, Line T; Moller, Niels C; Moller, Niels C; Molnar, Denes; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K; Mondo, Charles K; Monroy-Valle, Michele; Mendoza, Roger A Montenegro; Mendoza, Roger A Montenegro; Monterrubio-Flores, Eric; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K; Moon, Jin Soo; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Mopa, Hermine T; Mopa, Hermine T; Moradpour, Farhad; Moreira, Leila B; Moreira, Leila B; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A; Moreno, Luis A; Morey, Francis; Morgan, Karen; Morin, Suzanne N; Morin, Suzanne N; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Moschonis, George; Moslem, Alireza; Mosquera, Mildrey; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali; Mota-Pinto, Anabela; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Motta, Jorge; Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Andre; Movsesyan, Yeva; Mridha, Malay K; Mridha, Malay K; Msyamboza, Kelias P; Msyamboza, Kelias P; Mu, Thet Thet; Muc, Magdalena; Muca, Florian; Mugosa, Boban; Muiesan, Maria L; Muiesan, Maria L; Muller-Nurasyid, Martina; Munzel, Thomas; Mursu, Jaakko; Murtagh, Elaine M; Murtagh, Elaine M; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Milanovic, Sanja Music; Musil, Vera; Musinguzi, Geofrey; Muyer, Muel Telo; Nabipour, Iraj; Nagel, Gabriele; Najafi, Farid; Nakamura, Harunobu; Nalecz, Hanna; Namesna, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K; Nang, Ei Ei K; Nangia, Vinay B; Nangia, Vinay B; Nankap, Martin; Narake, Sameer; Narayan, K M Venkat; Narayan, K M Venkat; Nardone, Paola; Naseri, Take; Nathalie, Michels; Neal, William A; Neal, William A; Neelapaichit, Nareemarn; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Nekkantti, Chandini; Nelis, Keiu; Nenko, Ilona; Neovius, Martin; Nervi, Flavio; Ng, Tze Pin; Nguyen, Chung T; Nguyen, Chung T; Nguyen, Nguyen D; Nguyen, Nguyen D; Quang Ngoc Nguyen; Ni, Michael Y; Ni, Michael Y; Nicolescu, Rodica; Nie, Peng; Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E; Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E; Nikitin, Yury P; Nikitin, Yury P; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishi, Nobuo; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A; Noboa, Oscar A; Nogueira, Helena; Nordendahl, Maria; Nordestgaard, Borge G; Nordestgaard, Borge G; Norton, Kevin I; Norton, Kevin I; Noto, Davide; Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia; Al Nsour, Mohannad; Nuhoglu, Irfan; Nunes, Baltazar; Nurk, Eha; Nuwaha, Fred; Nyirenda, Moffat; O'Neill, Terence W; O'Neill, Terence W; O'Reilly, Dermot; Obreja, Galina; Ochimana, Caleb; Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M; Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M; Oda, Eiji; Odili, Augustine N; Odili, Augustine N; Oh, Kyungwon; Ohara, Kumiko; Ohlsson, Claes; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro; Olafsson, Orn; Oldenburg, Brian; Olinto, Maria Teresa A; Olinto, Maria Teresa A; Oliveira, Isabel O; Oliveira, Isabel O; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Omar, Saeed M; Omar, Saeed M; Onat, Altan; Ong, Sok King; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; Ono, Lariane M; Ono, Lariane M; Onodugo, Obinna; Ordunez, Pedro; Ornelas, Rui; Ortiz, Ana P; Ortiz, Ana P; Ortiz, Pedro J; Ortiz, Pedro J; Osler, Merete; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M; Ostojic, Sergej M; Ostovar, Afshin; Otero, Johanna A; Otero, Johanna A; Ottendahl, Charlotte B; Ottendahl, Charlotte B; Otu, Akaninyene; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y; Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y; Oyeyemi, Adewale L; Oyeyemi, Adewale L; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Padez, Cristina P; Padez, Cristina P; Pagkalos, Ioannis; Pahomova, Elena; de Paiva, Karina Mary; Pajak, Andrzej; Pajula, Natalja; Palloni, Alberto; Palmieri, Luigi; Pan, Wen-Harn; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Arvind; Pang, Zengchang; Panza, Francesco; Paoli, Mariela; Papadopoulou, Sousana K; Papadopoulou, Sousana K; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Pareja, Rossina G; Pareja, Rossina G; Park, Soon-Woo; Park, Suyeon; Parnell, Winsome R; Parnell, Winsome R; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pascanu, Ionela M; Pascanu, Ionela M; Pasquet, Patrick; Patel, Nikhil D; Patel, Nikhil D; Pattussi, Marcos; Pavlyshyn, Halyna; Pechlaner, Raimund; Pecin, Ivan; Pednekar, Mangesh S; Pednekar, Mangesh S; Pedro, Joao M; Pedro, Joao M; Peer, Nasheeta; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C; Pereira, Alexandre C; Peres, Marco A; Peres, Marco A; Perez-Londono, Agustin; Perez, Cynthia M; Perez, Cynthia M; Peterkova, Valentina; Peters, Annette; Petkeviciene, Janina; Petrauskiene, Ausra; Kovtun, Olga Petrovna; Pettenuzzo, Emanuela; Peykari, Niloofar; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Phall, Modou Cheyassin; Pham, Son Thai; Phiri, Felix P; Phiri, Felix P; Pichardo, Rafael N; Pichardo, Rafael N; Pierannunzio, Daniela; Pierre-Marie, Preux; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Pilav, Aida; Piler, Pavel; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pistelli, Francesco; Pitakaka, Freda; Piwonska, Aleksandra; Pizarro, Andreia N; Pizarro, Andreia N; Plans-Rubio, Pedro; Platonova, Alina G; Platonova, Alina G; Poh, Bee Koon; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Polka, Nadija S; Polka, Nadija S; Pop, Raluca M; Pop, Raluca M; Popkin, Barry M; Popkin, Barry M; Popovic, Stevo R; Popovic, Stevo R; Porta, Miquel; Posch, Georg; Poudyal, Anil; Poulimeneas, Dimitrios; Pouraram, Hamed; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Price, Alison J; Price, Alison J; Price, Jacqueline F; Price, Jacqueline F; Prista, Antonio; Providencia, Rui; Puder, Jardena J; Puder, Jardena J; Pudule, Iveta; Puhakka, Solie; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Qadir, Muhammed S; Qadir, Muhammed S; Qasrawi, Radwan F; Qasrawi, Radwan F; Qiao, Qing; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quintana, Hedley K; Quintana, Hedley K; Quiroga-Padilla, Pedro J; Quiroga-Padilla, Pedro J; Tran Quoc Bao; Rach, Stefan; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahimikazerooni, Salar; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mahmudur; Raitakari, Olli; Raj, Manu; Rajabov, Tamerlan; Rakhmatulloev, Sherali; Rakovac, Ivo; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Ramadan, Otim P C; Ramadan, Otim P C; Ramires, Virgilio V; Ramires, Virgilio V; Ramirez-Zea, Manuel; Ramke, Jacqueline; Ramos, Elisabete; Ramos, Rafel; Rampal, Lekhraj; Rampal, Sanjay; Ramsay, Sheena E; Ramsay, Sheena E; Rangelova, Lalka S; Rangelova, Lalka S; Rarra, Vayia; Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A; Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Rech, Cassiano Ricardo; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M; Regecova, Valeria; Renner, Jane D P; Renner, Jane D P; Repasy, Judit A; Repasy, Judit A; Reuter, Cezane P; Reuter, Cezane P; Revilla, Luis; Reynolds, Andrew; Rezaei, Negar; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Rho, Yeunsook; Ribas-Barba, Lourdes; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Riboli, Elio; Rigo, Fernando; Rigotti, Attilio; Rinaldo, Natascia; de Wit, Tobias F Rinke; de Wit, Tobias F Rinke; Riserus, Ulf; Rito, Ana I; Rito, Ana I; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M; Rivera, Juan A; Rivera, Juan A; Roa, Reina G; Roa, Reina G; Robinson, Louise; Roccaldo, Romana; Rodrigues, Daniela; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo; Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A; Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A; Rodriguez, Andrea Y; Rodriguez, Andrea Y; Roggenbuck, Ulla; Rohloff, Peter; Rohner, Fabian; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Romaguera, Dora; Romeo, Elisabetta L; Romeo, Elisabetta L; Rosario, Rafaela V; Rosario, Rafaela V; Rosengren, Annika; Rouse, Ian; Rouzier, Vanessa; Roy, Joel G R; Roy, Joel G R; Ruano, Maira H; Ruano, Maira H; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Ruhli, Frank J; Ruhli, Frank J; Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra; Ruiz-Castell, Maria; Moreno, Emma Ruiz; Rusakova, Iuliia A; Rusakova, Iuliia A; Rusek, Wojciech; Jonsson, Kenisha Russell; Russo, Paola; Rust, Petra; Rutkowski, Marcin; Saamel, Marge; Saar, Crizian G; Saar, Crizian G; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sabbaghi, Hamideh; Sacchini, Elena; Sachdev, Harshpal S; Sachdev, Harshpal S; Sadjadi, Alireza; Safarpour, Ali Reza; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Saghi, Mohammad Hossien; Saidi, Olfa; Saieva, Calogero; Sakata, Satoko; Saki, Nader; Salaj, Sanja; Salanave, Benoit; Martinez, Eduardo Salazar; Salhanova, Akkumis; Salmeron, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T; Salonen, Jukka T; Salvetti, Massimo; Samoutian, Margarita; Sanchez-Abanto, Jose; Rodriguez, Ines Sanchez; Sandjaja; Sans, Susana; Santa-Marina, Loreto; Santacruz, Ethel; Santos, Diana A; Santos, Diana A; Santos, Ina S; Santos, Ina S; Santos, Lelita C; Santos, Lelita C; Santos, Maria Paula; Santos, Osvaldo; Santos, Rute; Santos, Tamara R; Santos, Tamara R; Saramies, Jouko L; Saramies, Jouko L; Sardinha, Luis B; Sardinha, Luis B; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Savva, Savvas; Savy, Mathilde; Sawada, Norie; Sbaraini, Mariana; Scazufca, Marcia; Schaan, Beatriz D; Schaan, Beatriz D; Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath; Schargrodsky, Herman; Schienkiewitz, Anja; Schindler, Karin; Schipf, Sabine; Schmidt, Borge; Schmidt, Carsten O; Schmidt, Carsten O; Schmidt, Ida Maria; Schneider, Andrea; Schnohr, Peter; Schottker, Ben; Schramm, Sara; Schramm, Stine; Schroder, Helmut; Schultsz, Constance; Schultz, Gry; Schulze, Matthias B; Schulze, Matthias B; Schutte, Aletta E; Schutte, Aletta E; Sebert, Sylvain; Sedaghattalab, Moslem; Selamat, Rusidah; Sember, Vedrana; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O; Senbanjo, Idowu O; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Sequera, Guillermo; Serra-Majem, Luis; Servais, Jennifer; Sevcikova, Ludmila; Sewpaul, Ronel; Shalnova, Svetlana; Shamah-Levy, Teresa; Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza; Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam; Sharafkhah, Maryam; Sharma, Sanjib K; Sharma, Sanjib K; Sharman, Almaz; Shaw, Jonathan E; Shaw, Jonathan E; Shayanrad, Amaneh; Shayesteh, Ali Akbar; Shengelia, Lela; Shi, Zumin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana; Shimony, Tal; Shiri, Rahman; Shrestha, Namuna; Si-Ramlee, Khairil; Siani, Alfonso; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M; Sibai, Abla M; Sidossis, Labros S; Sidossis, Labros S; Silitrari, Natalia; Silva, Antonio M; Silva, Antonio M; Silva, Caroline Ramos de Moura; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Kelly Samara; Sim, Xueling; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A; Simons, Leon A; Sjoberg, Agneta; Sjostrom, Michael; Skoblina, Elena V; Skoblina, Elena V; Skoblina, Natalia A; Skoblina, Natalia A; Slazhnyova, Tatyana; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw; Smeeth, Liam; So, Hung-Kwan; Soares, Fernanda Cunha; Sobek, Grzegorz; Sobngwi, Eugene; Sodemann, Morten; Soderberg, Stefan; Soekatri, Moesijanti Y E; Soekatri, Moesijanti Y E; Soemantri, Agustinus; Sofat, Reecha; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Solovieva, Yuliya V; Solovieva, Yuliya V; Somi, Mohammad Hossein; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Soofi, Sajid; Sorensen, Thorkild I A; Sorensen, Thorkild I A; Sorgjerd, Elin P; Sorgjerd, Elin P; Jerome, Charles Sossa; Soto-Rojas, Victoria E; Soto-Rojas, Victoria E; Soumare, Aicha; Sousa-Poza, Alfonso; Sovic, Slavica; Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente; Sparrenberger, Karen; Spencer, Phoebe R; Spencer, Phoebe R; Spinelli, Angela; Spiroski, Igor; Staessen, Jan A; Staessen, Jan A; Stamm, Hanspeter; Stang, Andreas; Starc, Gregor; Staub, Kaspar; Stavreski, Bill; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D; Stein, Aryeh D; Steinsbekk, Silje; Stergiou, George S; Stergiou, George S; Stessman, Jochanan; Stevanovic, Ranko; Stieber, Jutta; Stockl, Doris; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stoyanova, Ekaterina; Stratton, Gareth; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Sturua, Lela; Suarez-Medina, Ramon; Suarez-Ortegon, Milton F; Suarez-Ortegon, Milton F; Suebsamran, Phalakorn; Sugiyama, Mindy; Suka, Machi; Sulo, Gerhard; Sun, Chien-An; Sun, Liang; Sund, Malin; Sundstrom, Johan; Sung, Yn-Tz; Sunyer, Jordi; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Sweis, Nabil William G; Sweis, Nabil William G; Swinburn, Boyd A; Swinburn, Boyd A; Sy, Rody G; Sy, Rody G; Sylva, Rene Charles; Szponar, Lucjan; Tabone, Lorraine; Tai, E Shyong; Tai, E Shyong; Takuro, Furusawa; Tambalis, Konstantinos D; Tambalis, Konstantinos D; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tan, Eng Joo; Tang, Xun; Tanrygulyyeva, Maya; Tanser, Frank; Tao, Yong; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tarp, Jakob; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B; Braunerova, Radka Taxova; Taylor, Anne; Taylor, Julie; Tchibindat, Felicite; Velde, Saskia Te; Tebar, William R; Tebar, William R; Tell, Grethe S; Tell, Grethe S; Tello, Tania; Tessema, Masresha; Tham, Yih Chung; Thankappan, K R; Thankappan, K R; Theobald, Holger; Theodoridis, Xenophon; Thomas, Nihal; Thorand, Barbara; Thrift, Amanda G; Thrift, Amanda G; Ticha, Lubica; Timmermans, Erik J; Timmermans, Erik J; Tjandrarini, Dwi Hapsari; Tjonneland, Anne; Tolonen, Hanna K; Tolonen, Hanna K; Tolstrup, Janne S; Tolstrup, Janne S; Tomaszewski, Maciej; Topbas, Murat; Topor-Madry, Roman; Torheim, Liv Elin; Tornaritis, Michael J; Tornaritis, Michael J; Torrent, Maties; Torres-Collado, Laura; Toselli, Stefania; Touloumi, Giota; Traissac, Pierre; Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran; Tremblay, Mark S; Tremblay, Mark S; Triantafyllou, Areti; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trinh, Oanh T H; Trinh, Oanh T H; Trivedi, Atul; Tshepo, Lechaba; Tsigga, Maria; Tsintavis, Panagiotis; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Tuitele, John; Tuliakova, Azaliia M; Tuliakova, Azaliia M; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K; Tullu, Fikru; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Turley, Maria L; Turley, Maria L; Twig, Gilad; Tynelius, Per; Tzala, Evangelia; Tzotzas, Themistoklis; Tzourio, Christophe; Udoji, Nwannedimma; Ueda, Peter; Ugel, Eunice; Ukoli, Flora A M; Ukoli, Flora A M; Ulmer, Hanno; Unal, Belgin; Usupova, Zhamyila; Uusitalo, Hannu M T; Uusitalo, Hannu M T; Uysal, Nalan; Vaitkeviciute, Justina; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Vale, Susana; Valvi, Damaskini; van Dam, Rob M; van Dam, Rob M; van den Born, Bert-Jan; Van der Heyden, Johan; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Van Herck, Koen; Van Lippevelde, Wendy; Van Minh, Hoang; Van Schoor, Natasja M; Van Schoor, Natasja M; van Valkengoed, Irene G M; van Valkengoed, Irene G M; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vanuzzo, Diego; Varbo, Anette; Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio; Vargas, Luz Nayibe; Varona-Perez, Patricia; Vasan, Senthil K; Vasan, Senthil K; Vasques, Daniel G; Vasques, Daniel G; Vatasescu, Radu; Vega, Tomas; Veidebaum, Toomas; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Velika, Biruta; Verloigne, Maite; Veronesi, Giovanni; Verschuren, W M Monique; Verschuren, W M Monique; Victora, Cesar G; Victora, Cesar G; Viegi, Giovanni; Viet, Lucie; Vik, Froydis N; Vik, Froydis N; Vilar, Monica; Villalpando, Salvador; Vioque, Jesus; Viriyautsahakul, Napaphan; Virtanen, Jyrki K; Virtanen, Jyrki K; Visser, Marjolein; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie; Viswanathan, Bharathi; Vladulescu, Mihaela; Vlasoff, Tiina; Vocanec, Dorja; Vollenweider, Peter; Volzke, Henry; Vourli, Georgia; Voutilainen, Ari; Vrijheid, Martine; Vrijkotte, Tanja G M; Vrijkotte, Tanja G M; Vuletic, Silvije; Wade, Alisha N; Wade, Alisha N; Waldhor, Thomas; Walton, Janette; Wambiya, Elvis O A; Wambiya, Elvis O A; Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan; Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan; Wanderley Junior, Rildo de Souza; Wang, Chongjian; Wang, Huijun; Wang, Limin; Wang, Ming-Dong; Wang, Ningli; Wang, Qian; Wang, Xiangjun; Wang, Ya Xing; Wang, Ying-Wei; Wannamethee, S Goya; Wannamethee, S Goya; Wareham, Nicholas; Wartha, Olivia; Weber, Adelheid; Wedderkopp, Niels; Weghuber, Daniel; Wei, Wenbin; Weres, Aneta; Werner, Bo; Westbury, Leo D; Westbury, Leo D; Whincup, Peter H; Whincup, Peter H; Wichstrom, Lars; Wickramasinghe, Kremlin; Widhalm, Kurt; Widyahening, Indah S; Widyahening, Indah S; Wiecek, Andrzej; Wild, Philipp S; Wild, Philipp S; Wilks, Rainford J; Wilks, Rainford J; Willeit, Johann; Willeit, Peter; Williams, Julianne; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wirth, James P; Wirth, James P; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Woldeyohannes, Meseret; Wolf, Kathrin; Wong-McClure, Roy A; Wong-McClure, Roy A; Wong, Andrew; Wong, Emily B; Wong, Emily B; Wong, Jyh Eiin; Wong, Tien Yin; Woo, Jean; Woodward, Mark; Wu, Frederick C; Wu, Frederick C; Wu, Hon-Yen; Wu, Jianfeng; Wu, Li Juan; Wu, Shouling; Wyszynska, Justyna; Xu, Haiquan; Xu, Liang; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Yamborisut, Uruwan; Yan, Li; Yan, Weili; Yang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoguang; Yang, Yang; Yardim, Nazan; Yasuharu, Tabara; Garcia, Martha Yepez; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K; Yngve, Agneta; Yoosefi, Moein; Yoshihara, Akihiro; Yotov, Yoto; You, Qi Sheng; You, San-Lin; Younger-Coleman, Novie O; Younger-Coleman, Novie O; Yu, Yu-Ling; Yu, Yunjiang; Yusof, Safiah Md; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Zaccagni, Luciana; Zafiropulos, Vassilis; Zainuddin, Ahmad A; Zainuddin, Ahmad A; Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul; Zamani, Farhad; Zambon, Sabina; Zampelas, Antonis; Zamrazilova, Hana; Zapata, Maria Elisa; Zargar, Abdul Hamid; Zaw, Ko Ko; Zayed, Ayman A; Zayed, Ayman A; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Zeglen, Magdalena; Zejglicova, Kristyna; Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic; Zeng, Yi; Zentai, Andrea; Zhang, Bing; Zhang, Luxia; Zhang, Zhen-Yu; Zhao, Dong; Zhao, Ming-Hui; Zhao, Wenhua; Zhecheva, Yanitsa V; Zhecheva, Yanitsa V; Zhen, Shiqi; Zheng, Wei; Zheng, Yingfeng; Zholdin, Bekbolat; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Dan; Zimmet, Paul; Zins, Marie; Zitt, Emanuel; Zocalo, Yanina; Zoghlami, Nada; Cisneros, Julio Zuniga; Zuziak, Monika
[+]

Affiliations

Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London W12 0BZ, England - Author

Abstract

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age =20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18 center dot 5 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries ( 6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0 center dot 80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries ( 70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0 center dot 80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0 center dot 80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 ( 73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries ( 8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0 center dot 80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0 center dot 80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0 center dot 80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.
[+]

Keywords

AsiaDouble burdenEpidemiFoodHealthInterventionsMalnutritionNutritionPhysical-activityTransition

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Lancet due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 1/332, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Medicine, General & Internal. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-04:

  • Google Scholar: 248
  • WoS: 1426
  • Scopus: 1486
[+]

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-04:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 3611.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 3585 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 3708.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 7 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1355 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on Wikipedia: 8 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 378 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

[+]

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Albania; Algeria; Angola; Argentina; Armenia; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bangladesh; Belgium; Benin; Brazil; Bulgaria; Cameroon; Canada; Chile; China; Colombia; Congo; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Dominica; Ecuador; Egypt; Estonia; Ethiopia; Fiji; Finland; France; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Guatemala; Haiti; Hungary; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia; Malawi; Malaysia; Malt; Mexico; Moldova; Montenegro; Morocco; Mozambique; Nepal; Netherlands; New Zealand; Niger; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Palestine; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal; Qatar; Republic of Korea; Russia; Samoa; San Marino; Saudi Arabia; Serbia; Seychelles; Singapore; Slovakia; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; South African Republic; Sudan; Sweden; Switzerland; Taiwan; Tajikistan; Tanzania; Thailand; Tonga; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States of America; Uruguay; Uzbekistan; Venezuela; Vietnam; Yemen.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (GARCIA GARCIA-ESQUINAS, ESTHER).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been GARCIA GARCIA-ESQUINAS, ESTHER.

[+]

Awards linked to the item

This study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (grant number MR/V034057/1), the UK Research and Innovation (Research England Policy Support Fund), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK grant number 10103595, for participation in the OBCT consortium funded by the European Union grant agreement 101080250), and European Union (STOP Project grant agreement 774548). BZ is supported by a fellowship from the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics at Imperial College London, funded by a donation from Community Jameel. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to the Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.
[+]