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The research, which led to this publication has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant numbers 654305 (EuroCirCol), 764879 (EASITrain), 730871 (ARIES), 777563 (RI-Paths) and from FP7 under grant number 312453 (EuCARD-2). The information herein only reflects the views of its authors. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information. Trademark notice: All trademarks appearing in this report are acknowledged as such.

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October 8, 2024
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HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

Publicated to:European Physical Journal-Special Topics. 228 (5): 1109-1382 - 2019-07-01 228(5), DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2019-900088-6

Authors: Abada, A; Abbrescia, M; AbdusSalam, S S; Abdyukhanov, I; Abelleira Fernandez, J; Abramov, A; Aburaia, M; Acar, A O; Adzic, P R; Agrawal, P; Aguilar-Saavedra, J A; Aguilera-Verdugo, J J; Aiba, M; Aichinger, I; Aielli, G; Akay, A; Akhundov, A; Aksakal, H; Albacete, J L; Albergo, S; Alekou, A; Aleksa, M; Aleksan, R; Alemany Fernandez, R M; Alexahin, Y; Alia, R G; Alioli, S; Alipour Tehrani, N; Allanach, B C; Allport, P P; Altinli, M; Altmannshofer, W; Ambrosio, G; Amorim, D; Amstutz, O; Anderlini, L; Andreazza, A; Andreini, M; Andriatis, A; Andris, C; Andronic, A; Angelucci, M; Antinori, F; Antipov, S A; Antonelli, M; Antonello, M; Antonioli, P; Antusch, S; Anulli, F; Apolinario, L; Apollinari, G; Apollonio, A; Appeloe, D; Appleby, R B; Apyan, A; Arbey, A; Arbuzov, A; Arduini, G; Ari, V; Arias, S; Armesto, N; Arnaldi, R; Arsenyev, S A; Arzeo, M; Asai, S; Aslanides, E; Assmann, R W; Astapovych, D; Atanasov, M; Atieh, S; Attie, D; Auchmann, B; Audurier, A; Aull, S; Aumon, S; Aune, S; Avino, F; Avrillaud, G; Aydin, G; Azatov, A; Azuelos, G; Azzi, P; Azzolini, O; Azzurri, P; Bacchetta, N; Bacchiocchi, E; Bachacou, H; Baek, Y W; Baglin, V; Bai, Y; Baird, S; Baker, M J; Baldwin, M J; Ball, A H; Ballarino, A; Banerjee, S; Barber, D P; Barducci, D; Barjhoux, P; Barna, D; Barnafoldi, G G; Barnes, M J; Barr, A; Barranco Garcia, J; Barreiro Guimaraes da Costa, J; Bartmann, W; Baryshevsky, V; Barzi, E; Bass, S A; Bastianin, A; Baudouy, B; Bauer, F; Bauer, M; Baumgartner, T; Bautista-Guzman, I; Bayindir, C; Beaudette, F; Bedeschi, F; Beguin, M; Bellafont, I; Bellagamba, L; Bellegarde, N; Belli, E; Bellingeri, E; Bellini, F; Bellomo, G; Belomestnykh, S; Bencivenni, G; Benedikt, M; Bernardi, G; Bernardi, J; Bernet, C; Bernhardt, J M; Bernini, C; Berriaud, C; Bertarelli, A; Bertolucci, S; Besana, M I; Besancon, M; Beznosov, O; Bhat, P; Bhat, C; Biagini, M E; Biarrotte, J-L; Bibet Chevalier, A; Bielert, E R; Biglietti, M; Bilei, G M; Bilki, B; Biscari, C; Bishara, F; Blanco-Garcia, O R; Blanquez, F R; Blekman, F; Blondel, A; Bluemlein, J; Boccali, T; Boels, R; Bogacz, S A; Bogomyagkov, A; Boine-Frankenheim, O; Boland, M J; Bologna, S; Bolukbasi, O; Bomben, M; Bondarenko, S; Bonvini, M; Boos, E; Bordini, B; Bordry, F; Borghello, G; Borgonovi, L; Borowka, S; Bortoletto, D; Boscherini, D; Boscolo, M; Boselli, S; Bosley, R R; Bossu, F; Botta, C; Bottura, L; Boughezal, R; Boutin, D; Bovone, G; Bozovic Jelisavic, I; Bozbey, A; Bozzi, C; Bozzini, D; Braccini, V; Braibant-Giacomelli, S; Bramante, J; Braun-Munzinger, P; Briffa, J A; Britzger, D; Brodsky, S J; Brooke, J J; Bruce, R; Bruckman De Renstrom, P; Bruna, E; Bruning, O; Brunner, O; Brunner, K; Bruzzone, P; Buffat, X; Bulyak, E; Burkart, F; Burkhardt, H; Burnet, J-P; Butin, F; Buttazzo, D; Butterworth, A; Caccia, M; Cai, Y; Caiffi, B; Cairo, V; Cakir, O; Calaga, R; Calatroni, S; Calderini, G; Calderola, G; Caliskan, A; Calvet, D; Calviani, M; Camalich, J M; Camarri, P; Campanelli, M; Camporesi, T; Canbay, A C; Canepa, A; Cantergiani, E; Cantore-Cavalli, D; Capeans, M; Cardarelli, R; Cardella, U; Cardini, A; Carloni Calame, C M; Carra, F; Carra, S; Carvalho, A; Casalbuoni, S; Casas, J; Cascella, M; Castelnovo, P; Castorina, G; Catalano, G; Cavasinni, V; Cazzato, E; Cennini, E; Cerri, A; Cerutti, F; Cervantes, J; Chaikovska, I; Chakrabortty, J; Chala, M; Chamizo-Llatas, M; Chanal, H; Chanal, D; Chance, S; Chance, A; Charitos, P; Charles, J; Charles, T K; Chattopadhyay, S; Chehab, R; Chekanov, S V; Chen, N; Chernoded, A; Chetvertkova, V; Chevalier, L; Chiarelli, G; Chiarello, G; Chiesa, M; Chiggiato, P; Childers, J T; Chmielinska, A; Cholakian, A; Chomaz, P; Chorowski, M; Chou, W; Chrzaszcz, M; Chyhyrynets, E; Cibinetto, G; Ciftci, A K; Ciftci, R; Cimino, R; Ciuchini, M; Clark, P J; Coadou, Y; Cobal, M; Coccaro, A; Cogan, J; Cogneras, E; Collamati, F; Colldelram, C; Collier, P; Collot, J; Contino, R; Conventi, F; Cook, C T A; Cooley, L; Corcella, G; Cornell, A S; Corral, G H; Correia-Rodrigues, H; Costanza, F; Costa Pinto, P; Couderc, F; Coupard, J; Craig, N; Crespo Garrido, I; Crivellin, A; Croteau, J F; Crouch, M; Cruz Alaniz, E; Cure, B; Curti, J; Curtin, D; Czech, M; Dachauer, C; D'Agnolo, R T; Daibo, M; Dainese, A; Dalena, B; Daljevec, A; Dallapiazza, W; D'Aloia Schwartzentruber, L; Dam, M; D'Ambrosio, G; Das, S P; DasBakshi, S; da Silva, W; da Silveira, G G; D'Auria, V; D'Auria, S; David, A; Davidek, T; Deandrea, A; de Blas, J; Debono, C J; De Curtis, S; De Filippis, N; de Florian, D; Deghaye, S; de Jong, S J; Del Bo, C; Del Duca, V; Delikaris, D; Deliot, F; Dell'Acqua, A; Delle Rose, L; Delmastro, M; De Lucia, E; Demarteau, M; Denegri, D; Deniau, L; Denisov, D; Denizli, H; Denner, A; d'Enterria, D; de Rijk, G; De Roeck, A; Derue, F; Deschamps, O; Descotes-Genon, S; Dev, P S B; de Vivie de Regie, J B; Dewanjee, R K; Di Ciaccio, A; Di Cicco, A; Dillon, B M; Di Micco, B; Di Nezza, P; Di Vita, S; Doblhammer, A; Dominjon, A; D'Onofrio, M; Dordei, F; Drago, A; Draper, P; Drasal, Z; Drewes, M; Duarte, L; Dubovyk, I; Duda, P; Dudarev, A; Dudko, L; Duellmann, D; Dunser, M; du Pree, T; Durante, M; Duran Yildiz, H; Dutta, S; Duval, F; Duval, J M; Dydyshka, Y; Dziewit, B; Eisenhardt, S; Eisterer, M; Ekelof, T; El Khechen, D; Ellis, S A; Ellis, J; Ellison, J A; Elsener, K; Elsing, M; Enari, Y; Englert, C; Eriksson, H; Eskola, K J; Esposito, L S; Etisken, O; Etzion, E; Fabbricatore, P; Falkowski, A; Falou, A; Faltova, J; Fan, J; Fano, L; Farilla, A; Farinelli, R; Farinon, S; Faroughy, D A; Fartoukh, S D; Faus-Golfe, A; Fawcett, W J; Felici, G; Felsberger, L; Ferdeghini, C; Fernandez Navarro, A M; Fernandez-Tellez, A; Ferradas Troitino, J; Ferrara, G; Ferrari, R; Ferreira, L; Ferreira da Silva, P; Ferrera, G; Ferro, F; Fiascaris, M; Fiorendi, S; Fiorio, C; Fischer, O; Fischer, E; Flieger, W; Florio, M; Fonnesu, D; Fontanesi, E; Foppiani, N; Foraz, K; Forkel-Wirth, D; Forte, S; Fouaidy, M; Fournier, D; Fowler, T; Fox, J; Francavilla, P; Franceschini, R; Franchino, S; Franco, E; Freitas, A; Fuks, B; Furukawa, K; Furuseth, S V; Gabrielli, E; Gaddi, A; Galanti, M; Gallo, E; Ganjour, S; Gao, J; Garcia Diaz, V; Garcia Perez, M; Garcia Tabares, L; Garion, C; Garzelli, M V; Garzia, I; Gascon-Shotkin, S M; Gaudio, G; Gay, P; Ge, S -F; Gehrmann, T; Genest, M H; Gerard, R; Gerigk, F; Gerwig, H; Giacomelli, P; Giagu, S; Gianfelice-Wendt, E; Gianotti, F; Giffoni, F; Gilardoni, S S; Gil Costa, M; Giovannetti, M; Giovannozzi, M; Giubellino, P; Giudice, G F; Giunta, A; Gladilin, L K; Glukhov, S; Gluza, J; Gobbi, G; Goddard, B; Goertz, F; Golling, T; Goncalves, V P; Goncalo, R; Gonzalez Gomez, L A; Gorgi Zadeh, S; Gorine, G; Gorini, E; Gourlay, S A; Gouskos, L; Grancagnolo, F; Grassellino, A; Grau, A; Graverini, E; Gray, H M; Greco, Ma; Greco, Mi; Grenard, J-L; Grimm, O; Grojean, C; Gromov, V A; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J F; Grudiev, A; Grzanka, K; Gu, J; Guadagnoli, D; Guidi, V; Guiducci, S; Guillermo Canton, G; Gunaydin, Y O; Gupta, R; Gupta, R S; Gutierrez, J; Gutleber, J; Guyot, C; Guzey, V; Gwenlan, C; Haberstroh, C; Hacisahinoglu, B; Haerer, B; Hahn, K; Hahn, T; Hammad, A; Han, C; Hance, M; Hannah, A; Harris, P C; Hati, C; Haug, S; Hauptman, J; Haurylavets, V; He, H-J; Hegglin, A; Hegner, B; Heinemann, K; Heinemeyer, S; Helsens, C; Henriques, A; Hernandez, P; Hernandez-Pinto, R J; Hernandez-Sanchez, J; Herzig, T; Hiekkanen, I; Hillert, W; Hoehn, T; Hofer, M; Hofle, W; Holdener, F; Holleis, S; Holzer, B; Hong, D K; Honorato, C G; Hopkins, S C; Hrdinka, J; Hug, F; Humann, B; Humer, H; Hurth, T; Hutton, A; Iacobucci, G; Ibarrola, N; Iconomidou-Fayard, L; Ilyina-Brunner, K; Incandela, J; Infantino, A; Ippolito, V; Ishino, M; Islam, R; Ita, H; Ivanovs, A; Iwamoto, S; Iyer, A; Izquierdo Bermudez, S; Jadach, S; Jamin, D O; Janot, P; Jarry, P; Jeff, A; Jenny, P; Jensen, E; Jensen, M; Jiang, X; Jimenez, J M; Jones, M A; Jones, O R; Jowett, J M; Jung, S; Kaabi, W; Kado, M; Kahle, K; Kalinovskaya, L; Kalinowski, J; Kamenik, J F; Kannike, K; Kara, S O; Karadeniz, H; Karaventzas, V; Karpov, I; Kartal, S; Karyukhin, A; Kashikhin, V; Katharina Behr, J; Kaya, U; Keintzel, J; Keinz, P A; Keppel, K; Kersevan, R; Kershaw, K; Khanpour, H; Khatibi, S; Khatiri Yanehsari, M; Khoze, V V; Kieseler, J; Kilic, A; Kilpinen, A; Kim, Y-K; Kim, D W; Klein, U; Klein, M; Kling, F; Klinkenberg, N; Kloeppel, S; Klute, M; Klyukhin, V I; Knecht, M; Kniehl, B; Kocak, F; Koeberl, C; Kolano, A M; Kollegger, A; Kolodziej, K; Kolomiets, A A; Komppula, J; Koop, I; Koppenburg, P; Koratzinos, M; Kordiaczynska, M; Korjik, M; Kortner, O; Kostka, P; Kotlarski, W; Kotnig, C; Kottig, T; Kotwal, A V; Kovalenko, A D; Kowalski, S; Kozaczuk, J; Kozlov, G A; Kozub, S S; Krainer, A M; Kramer, T; Kraemer, M; Krammer, M; Krasnov, A A; Krauss, F; Kravalis, K; Kretzschmar, L; Kriske, R M; Kritscher, H; Krkotic, P; Kroha, H; Kucharczyk, M; Kuday, S; Kuendig, A; Kuhlmann, G; Kulesza, A; Kumar, M; Kusina, A; Kuttimalai, S; Kuze, M; Kwon, T; Lackner, F; Lackner, M; La Francesca, E; Laine, M; Lamanna, G; La Mendola, S; Lancon, E; Landsberg, G; Langacker, P; Lange, C; Langner, A; Lankford, A J; Lansberg, J P; Lari, T; Laycock, P J; Lebrun, P; Lechner, A; Lee, K; Lee, S; Lee, R; Lefevre, T; Le Guen, P; Lehtinen, T; Leith, S B; Lenzi, P; Leogrande, E; Leonidopoulos, C; Leon-Monzon, I; Lerner, G; Leroy, O; Lesiak, T; Levai, P; Leveratto, A; Levichev, E; Li, G; Li, S; Li, R; Liberati, D; Liepe, M; Lissauer, D A; Liu, Z; Lobko, A; Locci, E; Logothetis Agaliotis, E; Lombardo, M P; Long, A J; Lorin, C; Losito, R; Louzguiti, A; Low, I; Lucchesi, D; Lucchini, M T; Luciani, A; Lueckhof, M; Lunt, A J G; Luzum, M; Lyubimtsev, D A; Maggiora, M; Magnin, N; Mahmoud, M A; Mahmoudi, F; Maitre, J; Makarenko, V; Malagoli, A; Malcles, J; Malgeri, L; Mallon, P J; Maltoni, F; Malvezzi, S; Malyshev, O B; Mancinelli, G; Mandrik, P; Manfrinetti, P; Mangano, M; Manil, P; Mannelli, M; Marchiori, G; Marhauser, F; Mariani, V; Marinozzi, V; Mariotto, S; Marquard, P; Marquet, C; Marriott-Dodington, T; Martin, R; Martin, O; Martin Camalich, J; Martinez, T; Martinez Bruzual, H; Martinez-Hernandez, M I; Martins, D E; Marzani, S; Marzocca, D; Marzola, L; Masciocchi, S; Masina, I; Massimiliano, A; Massironi, A; Masubuchi, T; Matveev, V A; Mazzoni, M A; McCullough, M; McIntosh, P A; Meade, P; Medina, L; Meier, A; Meignan, J; Mele, B; Mendes Saraiva, J G; Menez, F; Mentink, M; Meoni, E; Meridiani, P; Merk, M; Mermod, P; Mertens, V; Mether, L; Metral, E; Migliorati, M; Milanese, A; Milardi, C; Milhano, G; Militsyn, B L; Millet, F; Minashvili, I; Minervini, J V; Miralles, L S; Mirarchi, D; Mishima, S; Missiaen, D P; Mitselmakher, G; Mitshuhashi, T; Mnich, J; Mohammadi Najafabadi, M; Mohapatra, R N; Mokhov, N; Molson, J G; Monge, R; Montag, C; Montagna, G; Monteil, S; Montenero, G; Montesinos, E; Moortgat, F; Morange, N; Morello, G; Moreno Llacer, M; Moretti, M; Moretti, S; Morley, A K; Moros, A; Morozov, I; Morretta, V; Morrone, M; Mostacci, A; Muanza, S; Muchnoi, N; Muhlegger, M; Mulder, M; Mulders, M; Muller, B; Mueller, F; Mueller, A-S; Munilla, J; Murray, M J; Muttoni, Y; Myers, S; Mylona, M; Nachtman, J; Nakamoto, T; Nardecchia, M; Nardini, G; Nason, P; Nergiz, Z; Nesterenko, A V; Netto, J A; Nettstraeter, A; Neubuser, C; Neundorf, J; Niccoli, F; Nicrosini, O; Nie, Y; Niedermayer, U; Niedziela, J; Niemi, A; Nikitin, S A; Nisati, A; No, J M; Nonis, M; Nosochkov, Y; Novak, M; Novokhatski, A; O'Callaghan, J M; Ochando, C; Ogur, S; Ohmi, K; Oide, K; Okorokov, V A; Okumura, Y; Oleari, C; Olness, F I; Onel, Y; Ortino, M; Osborne, J; Osland, P; Otto, T; Oyulmaz, K Y; Ozansoy, A; Ozcan, V; Ozdemir, K; Pagliarone, C E; Pais da Silva, H F; Palmieri, E; Palumbo, L; Pampaloni, A; Pan, R-Q; Panareo, M; Panella, O; Panico, G; Panizzo, G; Pankov, A A; Pantsyrny, V; Papadopoulos, C G; Papaefstathiou, A; Papaphilippou, Y; Parker, M A; Parma, V; Pasquali, M; Patra, S K; Patterson, R; Paukkunen, H; Pauss, F; Peggs, S; Penttinen, J-P; Peon, G; Perepelkin, E E; Perez, E; Perez, J C; Perez, G; Perez, F; Perez Codina, E; Perez Morales, J; Perfilov, M; Pernegger, H; Peruzzi, M; Pes, C; Peters, K; Petracca, S; Petriello, F; Pezzotti, L; Pfeiffer, S; Piccinini, F; Pieloni, T; Pierini, M; Pikhartova, H; Pikurs, G; Pilicer, E; Piminov, P; Pira, C; Pittau, R; Placzek, W; Plagge, M; Plehn, T; Pleier, M-A; Ploskon, M; Podeur, M; Podlech, H; Podzorny, T; Poggioli, L; Poiron, A; Polesello, G; Poli Lener, M; Polini, A; Polinski, J; Polozov, S M; Ponce, L; Pont, M; Pontecorvo, L; Portaluri, T; Potamianos, K; Prasse, C; Prausa, M; Preinerstorfer, A; Premat, E; Price, T; Primavera, M; Prino, F; Prioli, M; Proudfoot, J; Provino, A; Pugnat, T; Pukhaeva, N; Pulawski, S; Pulikowski, D; Punzi, G; Putti, M; Pyarelal, A; Quack, H; Quispe, M; Racioppi, A; Rafique, H; Raginel, V; Raidal, M; Ramirez-Uribe, N S; Ramsey-Musolf, M J; Rata, R; Ratoff, P; Ravotti, F; Rebello Teles, P; Reboud, M; Redaelli, S; Renner, E; Renteria-Olivo, A E; Rescigno, M; Reuter, J; Ribon, A; Ricci, A M; Riegler, W; Riemann, S; Riemann, B; Riemann, T; Rifflet, J M; Rimmer, R A; Rinaldesi, R; Rinolfi, L; Rios Rubiras, O; Risselada, T; Rivetti, A; Rivkin, L; Rizzo, T; Robens, T; Robert, F; Robson, A J; Rochepault, E; Roda, C; Rodrigo, G; Rodriguez-Cahuantzi, M; Rogan, C; Roig, M; Rojas-Torres, S; Rojo, J; Rolandi, G; Rolando, G; Roloff, P; Romanenko, A; Romanov, A; Roncarolo, F; Rosado Sanchez, A; Rosaz, G; Rossi, L; Rossi, A; Rossmanith, R; Rousset, B; Royon, C; Ruan, X; Ruehl, I; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V; Ruiz, R; Rumyantsev, L; Ruprecht, R; Ryazanov, A I; Saba, A; Sadykov, R; Saez de Jauregui, D; Sahin, M; Sailer, B; Saito, M; Sala, F; Salam, G P; Salfeld-Nebgen, J; Salgado, C A; Salini, S; Sallese, J M; Salmi, T; Salzburger, A; Sampayo, O A; Sanfilippo, S; Santiago, J; Santopinto, E; Santoro, R; Sanz Ull, A; Sarasola, X; Sarpun, I H; Sauvain, M; Savelyeva, S; Sawada, R; Sborlini, G F R; Schaffer, A; Schaumann, M; Schenk, M; Scheuerlein, C; Schienbein, I; Schlenga, K; Schmickler, H; Schmidt, R; Schoerling, D; Schoning, A; Schoerner-Sadenius, T; Schott, M; Schulte, D; Schwaller, P; Schwanenberger, C; Schwemling, P; Schwerg, N; Scibile, L; Sciuto, A; Scomparin, E; Sebastiani, C; Seeber, B; Segreti, M; Selva, P; Selvaggi, M; Senatore, C; Senol, A; Serin, L; Serluca, M; Serra, N; Seryi, A; Sestini, L; Sfyrla, A; Shaposhnikov, M; Shaposhnikova, E; Sharkov, B Y; Shatilov, D; Shelton, J; Shiltsev, V; Shipsey, I P; Shirkov, G D; Shivaji, A; Shwartz, D; Sian, T; Sidorov, S; Siemko, A; Silvestrini, L; Simand, N; Simon, F; Singh, B K; Siodmok, A; Sirois, Y; Sirtori, E; Sirvinskaite, R; Sitar, B; Sjostrand, T; Skands, P; Skordis, E; Skovpen, K; Skrzypek, M; Slade, E; Slavich, P; Slovak, R; Smaluk, V; Smirnov, V; Snoeys, W; Soffi, L; Sollander, P; Solovyanov, O; Soltveit, H K; Song, H; Sopicki, P; Sorbi, M; Spallino, L; Spannowsky, M; Spataro, B; Sphicas, P; Spiesberger, H; Spiller, P; Spira, M; Srivastava, T; Stachel, J; Stakia, A; Stanyard, J L; Starchenko, E; Starikov, A Y; Stasto, A M; Statera, M; Steerenberg, R; Steggemann, J; Stenvall, A; Stivanello, F; Stoeckinger, D; Stoel, L S; Stoeger-Pollach, M; Strauss, B; Stuart, M; Stupakov, G; Su, S; Sublet, A; Sugita, K; Sulak, L; Sullivan, M K; Sultansoy, S; Sumida, T; Suzuki, K; Sylva, G; Syphers, M J; Sznajder, A; Taborelli, M; Tahir, N A; Takeuchi, M; Tal Hod, E; Tambasco, C; Tanaka, J; Tang, K; Tapan, I; Taroni, S; Tartarelli, G F; Tassielli, G; Tavian, L; Taylor, T M; Taylor, G N; Teixeira, A M; Tejeda-Munoz, G; Telnov, V I; Tenchini, R; ten Kate, H H J; Terashi, K; Tesi, A; Testa, M; Tetrel, C; Teytelman, D; Thaler, J; Thamm, A; Thomas, S; Tiirakari, M T; Tikhomirov, V; Tikhonov, D; Timko, H; Tisserand, V; Tkachenko, L M; Tkaczuk, J; Tock, J P; Todd, B; Todesco, E; Tomas Garcia, R; Tommasini, D; Tonelli, G; Toral, F; Torims, T; Torre, R; Townsend, Z; Trant, R; Treille, D; Trentadue, L; Tricoli, A; Tricomi, A; Trischuk, W; Tropin, I S; Tuchming, B; Tudora, A A; Turbiarz, B; Turk Cakir, I; Turri, M; Tydecks, T; Usovitsch, J; Uythoven, J; Vaglio, R; Valassi, A; Valchkova, F; Valdivia Garcia, M A; Valente, P; 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Affiliations

Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan - Author
AI Alikhanyan Natl Sci Lab YerPhi, Yerevan, Armenia - Author
AIBU, Bolu, Turkey - Author
Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France - Author
Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS, CPT AMU UTLN CNRS CPT, Marseille, France - Author
Akdeniz Univ UAKDENIZ, Antalya, Turkey - Author
ALAT, Sassenage, France - Author
ALBA Synchrotron Consorcio Construcc, Equipamiento & Explotac Lab Luz Sincrotron, Cerdanyola del Valles CELLS ALBA, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain - Author
Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg UFreiburg, Freiburg, Germany - Author
All Russian Sci Res & Dev Cable Inst VNIIKP, Moscow, Russia - Author
Ankara Univ, Ankara, Turkey - Author
Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA - Author
ASC, Tallahassee, FL USA - Author
Austrian Inst Technol, Vienna, Austria - Author
Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India - Author
Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA - Author
Belarusian State Univ, Inst Nucl Problems, Minsk, BELARUS - Author
Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico - Author
Bochvar Inst Inorgan Mat VNIINM, Moscow, Russia - Author
Bogazici Univ BOUN, Istanbul, Turkey - Author
Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys BLTP JINR, Dubna, Russia - Author
Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA - Author
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA - Author
Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA - Author
BRUKER EST Bruker, Hanau, Germany - Author
Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia - Author
CBPF, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil - Author
Charles Univ Prague CU, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic - Author
Chinese Acad Sci SKLTP ITP CAS, Key Lab Theoret Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China - Author
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China - Author
CNR, Milan, Italy - Author
CNR, Superconducting & Other Innovat Mat & Devices Ins, Genoa, Italy - Author
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CNRS, Sorbonne, LPTHE, Paris, France - Author
Cockcroft Inst CI Daresbury, Daresbury, England - Author
Cockcroft Inst CI Lancaster, Lancaster, England - Author
Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia - Author
Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, Inst Nanosci & Cryogenie CEA, Grenoble, France - Author
Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, Inst Rech Lois Fondament Univers Saclay CEA DSM I, Gif Sur Yvette, France - Author
Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA - Author
Ctr Etud & Expertise Risques Environm Mobil & Ame, Lyon, France - Author
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Ctr High Energy Phys, Daegu, South Korea - Author
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Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, Marseille, France - Author
Daresbury Lab STFC DL, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Warrington, Cheshire, England - Author
Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY ZEU, Zeuthen, Germany - Author
Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany - Author
Dimtel Inc, San Jose, CA USA - Author
Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA - Author
Dzhelepov Lab Nucl Problems DLNP JINR, Dubna, Russia - Author
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland - Author
Ecole Polytech, LLR, Palaiseau, France - Author
Ecotec Environm SA Ecotec, Geneva, Switzerland - Author
Ege Univ EgeU, Izmir, Turkey - Author
Eindhoven Univ Technol, Eindhoven, Netherlands - Author
Elle Marmi SARL EM, Carrara, Italy - Author
Eskiehir Tech Univ ESTU, Istanbul, Turkey - Author
Esslingen Univ Appl Sci HS Esslingen, Goppingen, Germany - Author
ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland - Author
European Org Nucl Res CERN, Geneva, Switzerland - Author
European Sci Inst, Archamps, France - Author
European Spallat Source, Lund, Sweden - Author
Fachhsch Sudwestfalen FH SWF, Gelsenkirchen, Germany - Author
Fayoum Univ, Al Fayyum, Egypt - Author
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA - Author
FIML, Dortmund, Germany - Author
Florida State Univ, MagLab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA - Author
Fuel Co Rosatom TVEL TVEL, Moscow, Russia - Author
Fujikura Ltd, Sakura, Chiba, Japan - Author
Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea - Author
Giresun Univ, Giresun, Turkey - Author
Goethe Univ, Inst Appl Phys, Frankfurt, Germany - Author
Gomel State Tech Univ, Gomel, BELARUS - Author
GSI Helmholtz Zentrum Schwerionenforsch GSI, Darmstadt, Germany - Author
Gumushane Univ, Gumushane, Turkey - Author
Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA - Author
Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany - Author
High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan - Author
I Cube Res I Cube, Toulouse, France - Author
IEEE, Piscataway, NJ USA - Author
IJS, Ljubljana, Slovenia - Author
ILF Consulting Engineers ILF, Zurich, Switzerland - Author
Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Gauhati, India - Author
Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India - Author
INFN, LNF, Frascati, Italy - Author
INFN, LNGS, Laquila, Italy - Author
INFN, LNLN, Legnaro, Italy - Author
Inst Adv Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA - Author
Inst Astrofis Canarias, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain - Author
Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona ICMAB CSIC, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Inst Fis Corpuscular CSIC UV, Paterna, Spain - Author
Inst Fis Corpuscular CSIC UV, Valencia, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Fis Mar del Plata IFIMAR, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina - Author
Inst Res Fundamental Sci IPM, Sch Particles & Accelerators, Tehran, Iran - Author
Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA - Author
Isik Univ Isikun, Istanbul, Turkey - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato Salerno, Sez Napoli INFN SA, Salerno, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari INFN BA, Bari, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna INFN BO, Bologna, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Cagliari INFN CA, Cagliari, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania INFN CT, Catania, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Cosenza INFN CS, Cosenza, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara INFN FE, Ferrara, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze INFN FI, Florence, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova INFN GE, Genoa, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce INFN LE, Lecce, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca INFN MIB, Milan, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano INFN MI, Milan, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli INFN NA, Naples, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova INFN PD, Padua, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia INFN PV, Pavia, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia INFN PG, Perugia, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1 INFN Roma 1, Rome, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata INFN Roma 2, Rome, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tre INFN Roma 3, Rome, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino INFN TO, Turin, Italy - Author
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste INFN TS, Trieste, Italy - Author
Istanbul Aydin Univ, Istanbul, Turkey - Author
Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey - Author
ITER, Cadarache, France - Author
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Univ TSU, Tbilisi, Georgia - Author
Izmir Univ Econ, Izmir, Turkey - Author
Jagiellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland - Author
JGU, Mainz, Germany - Author
Johannes Gutenberg Univ PRISMA, Inst Phys, PRISMA Cluster Excellence, Mainz, Germany - Author
Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia - Author
Julius Maximilians Univ Wurzburg UWUERZBURG, Wurzburg, Germany - Author
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ KSU, Kahramanmaras, Turkey - Author
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Res & Dev LRD, Louvain, Belgium - Author
Kings Coll London, London, England - Author
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany - Author
Kyoto Univ Kyodai, Kyoto, Japan - Author
Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sankyuk Dong, South Korea - Author
Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon, Portugal - Author
Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol Grenoble LPSC, Grenoble, France - Author
Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA - Author
LD, Geneva, Switzerland - Author
Linde Kryotechnik AG Linde, Pfungen, Switzerland - Author
Lomonosov Moscow State Univ SINP MSU, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia - Author
Loughborough Univ LBoro, Loughborough, Leics, England - Author
LPNHE, Paris, France - Author
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munich LMU, Munich, Germany - Author
Luvata Pori Oy Luvata, Pori, Finland - Author
MAN Energy Solut Schweiz AG MAN ES, Zurich, Switzerland - Author
Max Planck Inst Phys MPP, Munich, Germany - Author
Max Planck Inst Phys MPP, Werner Heisenberg Inst, Munich, Germany - Author
MEAE, Paris, France - Author
MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA - Author
Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia - Author
MPIK, Heidelberg, Germany - Author
MTA Wigner Res Ctr Phys Wigner, Budapest, Hungary - Author
Mustafa Kemal Univ, Antakya, Turkey - Author
Nankai Univ, Tianjin, Peoples R China - Author
Natl Inst Subatomaire Fys NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands - Author
Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI MEPhI, Moscow, Russia - Author
Natl Sci Ctr, KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine - Author
Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens, Greece - Author
NCSRD, Athens, Greece - Author
NHM, Vienna, Austria - Author
NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia - Author
Nigde Omer Halisdemir Univ OHU, Nigde, Turkey - Author
Northern Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA - Author
Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA - Author
Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk, Russia - Author
NRC Kurchatov Inst IHEP, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia - Author
NRC Kurchatov Inst, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia - Author
NRCKI, Moscow, Russia - Author
Otto von Guericke Univ Magdeburg OVGU, Magdeburg, Germany - Author
Oxford Univ UOXF, Oxford, England - Author
Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland - Author
Peking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China - Author
Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA - Author
Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys PI, Waterloo, ON, Canada - Author
Piri Reis Univ, Istanbul, Turkey - Author
Polish Acad Sci IFJ PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland - Author
Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA - Author
Pusan Natl Univ, Busan, South Korea - Author
Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada - Author
Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys, Nijmegen, Netherlands - Author
RBI, Zagreb, Croatia - Author
Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany - Author
Riga Tech Univ, Riga, Latvia - Author
Royal Holloway Univ RHUL, London, England - Author
Ruprecht Karls Univ Heidelberg RKU, Heidelberg, Germany - Author
Rutgers State Univ New Jersey RU, Piscataway, NJ USA - Author
Rutherford Appleton Lab STFC RAL, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot, Oxon, England - Author
Sapienza Univ Roma UNIROMA1, Rome, Italy - Author
scMetrol SARL scMetrology, Geneva, Switzerland - Author
Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea - Author
Sevaplan & Wurm Schweiz AG WURM, Winterthur, Switzerland - Author
SFU, Rostov Na Donu, Russia - Author
Shahid Beheshti Univ SBUT, Tehran, Iran - Author
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China - Author
Shirokuma GmbH Shirokuma, Wetzikon, Switzerland - Author
SISSA, Trieste, Italy - Author
SMU, Dallas, TX USA - Author
SNS, Pisa, Italy - Author
Stanford Natl Accelerator Ctr SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA - Author
Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA - Author
SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA - Author
Tampere Univ TAU, Tampere, Finland - Author
TCD, Dublin, Ireland - Author
Tech Univ Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany - Author
Tech Univ Dortmund TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany - Author
Tech Univ Dresden TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany - Author
Tech Univ Graz TU, Graz, Austria - Author
Tech Univ Wien, Vienna, Austria - Author
Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel - Author
The Citadel Mil Coll South Carolina Citadel, Charleston, SC USA - Author
Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil JLab, Newport News, VA USA - Author
TOBB Univ Econ & Technol TOBB ETU, Ankara, Turkey - Author
Tokyo Inst Technol Tokyo Tech, Tokyo, Japan - Author
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada - Author
Tsinghua Univ THU, Beijing, Peoples R China - Author
Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China - Author
UCL, London, England - Author
UIUC, Urbana, IL USA - Author
Uludag Univ ULUU, Bursa, Turkey - Author
Univ Andes, Bogota, Colombia - Author
Univ Appl Sci Technikum Wien UAS TW, Vienna, Austria - Author
Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico - Author
Univ Bari UNIBA, Bari, Italy - Author
Univ Basel UNIBAS, Basel, Switzerland - Author
Univ Belgrade UB, Belgrade, Serbia - Author
Univ Bergen UiB, Bergen, Norway - Author
Univ Bern UNIBE, Bern, Switzerland - Author
Univ Birmingham UBIRM, Birmingham, W Midlands, England - Author
Univ Bologna UNIBO, Bologna, Italy - Author
Univ Bristol UOB, Bristol, Avon, England - Author
Univ Cagliari UNICA, Cagliari, Italy - Author
Univ Calabria UNICAL, Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy - Author
Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA - Author
Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA - Author
Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA - Author
Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA - Author
Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA - Author
Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA - Author
Univ Cambridge CAM, Cambridge, England - Author
Univ Cassino & Lazio Meridionale DICEM, Dipartimento Ingn Civile & Meccan, Cassino, Italy - Author
Univ Catania UNICT, Catania, Italy - Author
Univ Chicago UCHI, Chicago, IL USA - Author
Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA - Author
Univ Clermont Auvergne, Aubiere, France - Author
Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA - Author
Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark - Author
Univ Delhi, SGTB Khalsa Coll, New Delhi, India - Author
Univ Durham, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham, England - Author
Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland - Author
Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil - Author
Univ Fed Pelotas UFPel, Pelotas, Brazil - Author
Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil - Author
Univ Ferrara UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy - Author
Univ Firenze UNIFI, Florence, Italy - Author
Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA - Author
Univ Geneva UniGE, Geneva, Switzerland - Author
Univ Genova UNIGE, Genoa, Italy - Author
Univ Glasgow SUPA, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland - Author
Univ Granada UGR, CAFPE, Granada, Spain - Author
Univ Granada UGR, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, Granada, Spain - Author
Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France - Author
Univ Guanajuato UGTO, Guanajuato, Mexico - Author
Univ Hamburg UHH, Hamburg, Germany - Author
Univ Hamburg UNITH, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Hamburg, Germany - Author
Univ Heidelberg HEI, Heidelberg, Germany - Author
Univ Innsbruck UIBK, Inst Astro & Particle Phys, Innsbruck, Austria - Author
Univ Insubria UNINSUBRIA, Milan, Italy - Author
Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA - Author
Univ Jyvaskyla JYU, Jyvaskyla, Finland - Author
Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA - Author
Univ La Laguna, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain - Author
Univ Lecce UNILE, Lecce, Italy - Author
Univ Liverpool ULIV, Liverpool, Merseyside, England - Author
Univ Lund ULU, Lund, Sweden - Author
Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNL, Lyon, France - Author
Univ Malta, Msida, Malta - Author
Univ Manchester UMAN, Manchester, Lancs, England - Author
Univ Maryland UMD, College Pk, MD USA - Author
Univ Massachusetts Amherst UMass, Amherst, MA USA - Author
Univ Melbourne UniMelb, Melbourne, Vic, Australia - Author
Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA - Author
Univ Milano UNIMI, Milan, Italy - Author
Univ Nacl San Martin ICAS UNSAM, Int Ctr Adv Studies, San Martin, Argentina - Author
Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA - Author
Univ Notre Dame du Lac ND, South Bend, IN USA - Author
Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA - Author
Univ Oxford JAI, John Adams Inst Accelerator Sci, Oxford, England - Author
Univ Padova UNIPD, Padua, Italy - Author
Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, IN2P3, UPSUD,LAL, Orsay, France - Author
Univ Parma UNIPR, Parma, Italy - Author
Univ Pavia UNIPV, Pavia, Italy - Author
Univ Perugia UNIPG, Perugia, Italy - Author
Univ Pisa INFN PI, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy - Author
Univ Pittsburgh PITT PACC, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA USA - Author
Univ Pittsburgh PITT PACC, Pittsburgh Particle Phys Astrophys & Cosmol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA - Author
Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Univ Republ Udelar, Montevideo, Uruguay - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos URJC, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA - Author
Univ Roma Sapienza UNIROMA1, Rome, Italy - Author
Univ Roma Tor Vergata UNIROMA2, Rome, Italy - Author
Univ Roma Tre UNIROMA3, Rome, Italy - Author
Univ Roma Tre, Ctr Ric Econ & Sociali Manlio Rossi Doria EDIRC, Rome, Italy - Author
Univ Rostock, Rostock, Germany - Author
Univ Salento UNISALENTO, Lecce, Italy - Author
Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Galego Fis Altas Enxerxias, Santiago De Compostela, Spain - Author
Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil - Author
Univ Saskatchewan USASK, Saskatoon, SK, Canada - Author
Univ Sci & Technol Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran - Author
Univ Siegen, Siegen, Germany - Author
Univ Silesia USKAT, Katowice, Poland - Author
Univ Stavanger UiS, Stavanger, Norway - Author
Univ Stuttgart IMA, Inst Machine Components, Stuttgart, Germany - Author
Univ Stuttgart USTUTT, Stuttgart, Germany - Author
Univ Sussex, Brighton, E Sussex, England - Author
Univ Tehran, Dept Phys, Tehran, Iran - Author
Univ Tokyo Todai, Tokyo, Japan - Author
Univ Torino UNITO, Turin, Italy - Author
Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada - Author
Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany - Author
Univ Udine UNIUD, Udine, Italy - Author
Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis, Valencia, Spain - Author
Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, Valencia, Spain - Author
Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland - Author
Univ Wisconsin Madison WISC, Madison, WI USA - Author
Univ Witwatersrand WITS, Johannesburg, South Africa - Author
Univ Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany - Author
Univ Zurich UZH, Zurich, Switzerland - Author
Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden - Author
US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA - Author
Usak Univ Usak, Usak, Turkey - Author
USTC, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China - Author
Vienna Univ Econ & Business WU, Vienna, Austria - Author
Vinca Inst Nucl Sci Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia - Author
Vrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium - Author
Washington Univ WUSTL, St Louis, MO USA - Author
Weizmann Inst Weizmann, Rehovot, Israel - Author
West Pomeranian Univ Technol ZUT, Szczecin, Poland - Author
Westfalische Wilhelms Univ Munster WWU, Munster, Germany - Author
Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol PWR, Wroclaw, Poland - Author
Wuhan Univ Technol WHUT, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China - Author
Zhejiang Inst Modern Phys, Dept Phys, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China - Author
Zhejiang Univ ZJU, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China - Author
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Abstract

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre-of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.

Keywords

Event builderImpac

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal European Physical Journal-Special Topics due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category . Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category Physics, Multidisciplinary.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 3.94. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 9.28 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 62.69 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 63
  • Scopus: 180
  • Google Scholar: 174

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 120.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 215 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 4 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on Wikipedia: 3 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Argentina; Armenia; Australia; Austria; Belgium; Brazil; Canada; China; Colombia; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Egypt; Estonia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; India; Iran; Israel; Italy; Japan; Latvia; Malt; Mexico; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Korea; Russia; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; South African Republic; Sweden; Switzerland; Taiwan; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom; United States of America; Uruguay.