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Grant support

We would like to thank Enrico Morgante for useful discussions and Geraldine Servant, Philip Sorensen, Cem Eroncel and Ryosuke Sato for discussions regarding their preliminary results on GWs from ALP fragmentation. Work in Mainz is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Project No. 438947057 and by the Cluster of Excellence "Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions, and Structure of Matter" (PRISMA+ EXC 2118/1) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the German Excellence Strategy (Project No. 39083149). The work of E.M. is supported by the Minerva Foundation.

Analysis of institutional authors

Madge, EricCorresponding Author

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October 7, 2024
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Audible axions with a booster: Stochastic gravitational waves from rotating ALPs

Publicated to:Scipost Physics. 12 (5): 171- - 2022-05-01 12(5), DOI: 10.21468/SciPostPhys.12.5.171

Authors: Madge, Eric; Ratzinger, Wolfram; Schmitt, Daniel; Schwaller, Pedro

Affiliations

Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany - Author
Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz Inst Theoret Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany - Author
Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, PRISMA Cluster Excellence, D-55099 Mainz, Germany - Author
Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-7610001 Rehovot, Israel - Author

Abstract

Gravitational waves provide a novel way to probe axions or axion-like particles coupled to a dark photon field, even in the absence of couplings to Standard Model particles. In the conventional misalignment mechanism, the generation of an observable stochastic gravitational wave background, however, requires large axion decay constants. We here investigate the gravitational wave signal generated within the kinetic misalignment scenario, where the axion is assumed to have a large initial velocity. Its kinetic energy then provides a sufficiently high energy budget to generate a detectable gravitational wave signal also at lower values of the decay constant. We obtain an analytic estimate as well as perform numerical simulations of the corresponding gravitational wave signal, and evaluate its detectability at current and future gravitational wave observatories. We further present the corresponding projected constraints on the parameter space of the model, along with the parameter regions in which the dark photon or axion constitute dark matter, or in which the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated via the axiogenesis mechanism. Finally, we compute the GW production from the fragmentation of rotating axions, which is however difficult to observe experimentally.

Keywords

ConstraintCp conservation

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Scipost Physics due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 17/85, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Physics, Multidisciplinary.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 4.08. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 4.15 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 8.78 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-05, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 15
  • Scopus: 17

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-05:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 9.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 9 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 9.1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 5 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Additionally, the work has been submitted to a journal classified as Diamond in relation to this type of editorial policy.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Germany; Israel.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (MADGE PIMENTEL, ERIC) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been MADGE PIMENTEL, ERIC.