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Grant support

We acknowledge financial support from Spanish Grant MAT2013-41636-P, PCIN-2015-030, MAT2011-23627, MAT2011-26534, MAT2013-6593-C6-4-P, MAT2014-54484-P, MDM-2014-0377, CSD2010-00024 (MINECO, Spain) and S2009/MAT-1467 (CAM, Spain), IT621-13 (Basque Government) the European Union structural funds and the Comunidad de Madrid MAD2D-CM Program (S2013/MIT-3007) and the European Union FLAG-ERA program. P.P. was supported by the Ramon y Cajal program. A.J.M.-G. was supported by the Marie Curie program. Computer time provided by the Spanish Supercomputing Network (RES) in the Barcelona Supercomputer Center (MareNostrum III) and the CesViMa (Magerit) is gratefully acknowledged.

Analysis of institutional authors

Gonzalez-Herrero, HectorAuthorPou, PabloAuthorFernandez-Torre, DeliaAuthorMartinez-Galera, Antonio JAuthorEnrique Ortega, JAuthorGomez-Rodriguez, Jose MAuthorPerez, RubenAuthorBrihuega, IvanCorresponding Author

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Article

Graphene Tunable Transparency to Tunneling Electrons: A Direct Tool To Measure the Local Coupling

Publicated to:ACS Nano. 10 (5): 5131-5144 - 2016-05-01 10(5), DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00322

Authors: Gonzalez-Herrero, Hector; Pou, Pablo; Lobo-Checa, Jorge; Fernandez-Torre, Delia; Craes, Fabian; Martinez-Galera, Antonio J; Ugeda, Miguel M; Corso, Martina; Enrique Ortega, J; Gomez-Rodriguez, Jose M; Perez, Ruben; Brihuega, Ivan

Affiliations

Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain - Author
CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain - Author
Ctr Fis Mat CSIC UPV EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain - Author
DIPC, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain - Author
MPC, Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Condensed Matter Phys Ctr IFIMAC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor Mat Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Aplicada 1, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain - Author
Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 2, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany - Author
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Abstract

The local interaction between graphene and a host substrate strongly determines the actual properties of the graphene layer. Here we show that scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can selectively help to visualize either the graphene layer or the substrate underneath, or even both at the same time, providing a comprehensive picture of this coupling with atomic precision and high energy resolution. We demonstrate this for graphene on Cu(111). Our spectroscopic data show that, in the vicinity of the Fermi level, graphene pi bands are well preserved presenting a small n-doping induced by Cu(111) surface state electrons. Such results are corroborated by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectra (ARPES) and Density Functional Theory with van der Waals (DFT + vdW) calculations. Graphene tunable transparency also allows the investigation of the interaction between the substrate and foreign species (such as atomic H or C vacancies) on the graphene layer. Our calculations explain graphene tunable transparency in terms of the rather different decay lengths of the graphene Dirac pi states and the metal surface state, suggesting that it should apply to a good number of graphene/substrate systems.

Keywords

ArpeArpesConfinementCu(111)DftDispersionElectronic propertiesEpitaxial grapheneFilmGrapheneGrowthOriginStm

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal ACS Nano due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2016, it was in position 9/275, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Materials Science, Multidisciplinary.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 1.23, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 5.05 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-29, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 24
  • Scopus: 25
  • Europe PMC: 9

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-29:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 67.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 67 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 13.1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 7 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 1 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Germany.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GONZALEZ HERRERO, HECTOR) and Last Author (BRIHUEGA ALVAREZ, IVAN).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been BRIHUEGA ALVAREZ, IVAN.