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This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health. Government Delegation for the National Drugs Plan (PI 2021I033) . Government Delegation for the National Drugs Plan had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.

Analysis of institutional authors

Galan, InakiCorresponding AuthorLopez-Cuadrado, TeresaAuthorTellez-Plaza, MariaAuthorGarcia-Esquinas, EstherAuthor

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August 4, 2024
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Volume of alcohol intake, heavy episodic drinking, and all-cause mortality in Spain: A longitudinal population-based study

Publicated to:ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS. 158 108108- - 2024-11-01 158(), DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108108

Authors: Galan, Inaki; Fontan, Julia; Ortiz, Cristina; Lopez-Cuadrado, Teresa; Tellez-Plaza, Maria; Garcia-Esquinas, Esther

Affiliations

Autonomous Univ Madrid, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain - Author
CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ CIBERESP, Consortium Biomed Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain - Author
Inst Hlth Carlos III, Natl Ctr Epidemiol, Monforte Lemos 5, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author

Abstract

Introduction: The impact of alcohol consumption on health, particularly in low quantities, remains controversial. Our objective was to assess the association between alcohol volume and heavy episodic drinking (HED) with all- cause mortality, while minimizing many of the known methodological issues. Methodology: This longitudinal study used data from the 2011-2012 National Health Survey and the 2014 European Health Survey in Spain. Data from 43,071 participants aged > 15 years were linked to mortality records as of December 2021. Alcohol consumption categories were defined based on intake volume and frequency: never-drinkers, former drinkers, infrequent occasional drinkers (once/week) were further classified by volume: >0-10 g/ day, >10-20 g/day, >20-40 g/day, and > 40 g/day. Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED) was defined as > 6 and > 5 standard drinks (10 g) within 4-6 h for men and women, respectively. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox regression, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, health status, and alcohol volume or HED. Results: Compared to infrequent occasional drinkers, HRs for never-drinkers and former drinkers were 1.30(95% CI:1.14-1.47) and 1.32 (95 %CI:1.15-1.50), respectively. No differences in mortality risk were observed for intakes up to 20 g/day, but it increased for consumptions > 20-40 g/day and > 40 g/day (HR = 1.29; 95 % CI:1.05-1.58 and HR = 1.57; 95 %CI:1.14-2.17, respectively). The HR of weekly HED vs. never was 1.31 (95% CI:0.98-1.75). Conclusions: Compared to infrequent occasional drinking, consuming low amounts of alcohol had no impact on mortality risk. However, never-drinkers, former drinkers, individuals with regular consumption > 20 g/day, and those engaging in weekly HED, experienced higher mortality risk.

Keywords

AlcoholAssociationsCohort studyConsumptionDrinkersHeavy episodic drinkingLifeMeMetaanalysisMortalityPatternsRisk-factorsSpaiTime

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 10/56, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Substance Abuse.

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 6.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 36 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 48.75.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 10 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 6 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GALAN LABACA, IGNACIO) and Last Author (GARCIA GARCIA-ESQUINAS, ESTHER).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been GALAN LABACA, IGNACIO.