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June 2, 2024
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No evidence for orbital clustering in the extreme trans-Neptunian objects

Publicated to:PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL. 2 (2): 59-59 - 2021-04-01 2(2), DOI: 10.3847/psj/abe53e

Authors: Napier, KJ; Gerdes, DW; Lin, HW; Hamilton, SJ; Bernstein, GM; Bernardinelli, PH; Abbott, TMC; Walker, AR; Aguena, M; da Costa, LN; Maia, MAG; Annis, J; Diehl, HT; Gutierrez, G; Kent, S; Kuropatkin, N; Palmese, A; Scarpine, V; Avila, S; Garcia-Bellido, J; Bacon, D; Bertin, E; Burke, DL; Carretero, J; Brooks, D; Costanzi, M; Rosell, AC; James, DJ; De Vicente, J; Morgan, R; Doel, P; Gruendl, RA; Honscheid, K; Hoyle, B; Ferrero, I; Paz-Chinchon, F; Plazas, AA; To, C; Wilkinson, RD

Affiliations

Australian Astronomical Optics; Macquarie University; North Ryde; 2113; NSW; Australia; Lowell Observatory; 1400 Mars Hill Road; Flagstaff; 86001; AZ; United States - Author
Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian; 60 Garden Street; Cambridge; 02138; MA; United States - Author
Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics; The Ohio State University; Columbus; 43210; OH; United States; Department of Physics; The Ohio State University; Columbus; 43210; OH; United States - Author
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas; Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT); Madrid; Spain - Author
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory; NSFs National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory; Casilla 603; La Serena; Chile - Author
CNRS; UMR 7095; Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris; Paris; F-75014; France; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7095; Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris; Paris; F-75014; France - Author
Computer Science and Mathematics Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; 37831; TN; United States - Author
Departamento de Física Matemática; Instituto de Física; Universidade de São Paulo; CP 66318; SP; São Paulo; 05314-970; Brazil; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA; Rua Gal. José Cristino 77; RJ; Rio de Janeiro; 20921-400; Brazil - Author
Department of Astronomy; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1002 West Green Street; Urbana; 61801; IL; United States; National Center for Supercomputing Applications; 1205 West Clark Street; Urbana; 61801; IL; United States - Author
Department of Astrophysical Sciences; Princeton University; Peyton Hall; Princeton; 08544; NJ; United States - Author
Department of Physics & Astronomy; University College London; Gower Street; London; WC1E 6BT; United Kingdom - Author
Department of Physics and Astronomy; Pevensey Building; University of Sussex; Brighton; BN1 9QH; United Kingdom - Author
Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; 19104; PA; United States - Author
Department of Physics; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor; 48109; MI; United States - Author
Department of Physics; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor; 48109; MI; United States; Department of Astronomy; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor; 48109; MI; United States - Author
Faculty of Physics; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Scheinerstr. 1; Munich; D-81679; Germany; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; Giessenbachstrasse; Garching; D-85748; Germany; Universitäts-Sternwarte; Fakultät für Physik; Ludwig-Maximilia - Author
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; P.O. Box 500; Batavia; 60510; IL; United States - Author
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; P.O. Box 500; Batavia; 60510; IL; United States; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics; University of Chicago; Chicago; 60637; IL; United States - Author
INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste; via G.B. Tiepolo 11; Trieste; I-34143; Italy; Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe; Via Beirut 2; Trieste; I-34014; Italy - Author
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Campus UAB; Bellaterra; Barcelona; E-08193; Spain - Author
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Campus UAB; Bellaterra; Barcelona; E-08193; Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; Barcelona; E-08010; Spain - Author
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); Barcelona; E-08034; Spain; Institute of Space Sciences (ICE; CSIC); Campus UAB; Carrer de Can Magrans; s/n; Barcelona; E-08193; Spain - Author
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth; PO1 3FX; United Kingdom - Author
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1029 Blindern; Oslo; NO-0315; Norway - Author
Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; La Laguna; Tenerife; E-38205; Spain; Universidad de La Laguna; Dpto. Astrofísica; La Laguna; Tenerife; E-38206; Spain - Author
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Madrid; E-28049; Spain - Author
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology; Stanford University; P.O. Box 2450; Stanford; 94305; CA; United States; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Menlo Park; 94025; CA; United States - Author
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology; Stanford University; P.O. Box 2450; Stanford; 94305; CA; United States; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Menlo Park; 94025; CA; United States; Department of Physics; Stanford University; 382 Via - Author
Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA; Rua Gal. José Cristino 77; RJ; Rio de Janeiro; 20921-400; Brazil; Observatório Nacional; Rua Gal. José Cristino 77; RJ; Rio de Janeiro; 20921-400; Brazil - Author
National Center for Supercomputing Applications; 1205 West Clark Street; Urbana; 61801; IL; United States - Author
National Center for Supercomputing Applications; 1205 West Clark Street; Urbana; 61801; IL; United States; Institute of Astronomy; University of Cambridge; Madingley Road; Cambridge; CB3 0HA; United Kingdom - Author
Physics Department; 2320 Chamberlin Hall; University of Wisconsin–Madison; 1150 University Avenue; Madison; 53706-1390; WI; United States - Author
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics; Santa Cruz; 95064; CA; United States - Author
School of Physics and Astronomy; University of Southampton; Southampton; SO17 1BJ; United Kingdom - Author
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Abstract

The apparent clustering in longitude of perihelion ϖ and ascending node Ω of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs) has been attributed to the gravitational effects of an unseen 5–10 Earth-mass planet in the outer solar system. To investigate how selection bias may contribute to this clustering, we consider 14 ETNOs discovered by the Dark Energy Survey, the Outer Solar System Origins Survey, and the survey of Sheppard and Trujillo. Using each survey's published pointing history, depth, and TNO tracking selections, we calculate the joint probability that these objects are consistent with an underlying parent population with uniform distributions in ϖ and Ω. We find that the mean scaled longitude of perihelion and orbital poles of the detected ETNOs are consistent with a uniform population at a level between 17% and 94% and thus conclude that this sample provides no evidence for angular clustering. © 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Keywords

Astronomy & astrophysicsAstronomy and astrophysicsEarth and planetary sciences (miscellaneous)GeophysicsSpace and planetary science

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 12.49, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-11, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 31
  • Scopus: 35
  • Open Alex: 34

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-11:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 30.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 30 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 706.05.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 3 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 262 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on Wikipedia: 12 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 60 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/719222

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Brazil; Chile; France; Germany; Italy; Norway; United Kingdom; United States of America.