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Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III; the Secretary of R + D + I; the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund (FIS grant numbers 19/319, 20/896, FI29/00162 to MDV); the National Plan on Drugs (grant number 2020/17); Fundacion Soria Melguizo (MITOFUN project); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant number RYC 201802069I to MSP); Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (FPI contract to ACC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Analysis of institutional authors

Maroto Rodriguez, JavierAuthorMaroto-Rodriguez, JAuthorDelgado-Velandia, MAuthorOrtola, RAuthorCarballo-Casla, AAuthorGarcía-Esquinas, EAuthorSotos-Prieto, MCorresponding Author

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July 11, 2022
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Article
Hybrid Gold

Plant-based diets and risk of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort

Publicated to:GeroScience. 45 (1): NULL-232 - 2023-02-01 45(1), DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00614-3

Authors: Maroto-Rodriguez, Javier; Delgado-Velandia, Mario; Ortola, Rosario; Carballo-Casla, Adrian; Garcia-Esquinas, Esther; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Sotos-Prieto, Mercedes

Affiliations

CEI UAM CSIC, IMDEA Food Inst, Ctra Canto Blanco 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
CIBERESP CIBER Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author
Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA - Author
IdiPaz Inst Invest Sanitaria Hosp Univ La Paz, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that leads to increased risk of hospitalization, disability, and death. The effect of plant-based diets defined by the quality of their plant foods is unclear. Our objective is to study the association between two plant-based diet indices and the occurrence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Spain. We analyzed data from 1880 individuals aged >= 60 years from the Spanish Seniors ENRICA-1 cohort. We used a validated diet history to build two indices: (a) the healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI) where healthy plant foods received positive scores, whereas less-healthy plant foods and animal foods received reverse scores; and (b) the unhealthful Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI), with positive scores to less-healthy plant foods and reverse scores to animal and healthy plant foods. Incident frailty was defined with the Fried phenotype. Study associations were summarized with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained from multivariable logistic models. After 3.3 years of follow-up, 136 incident frailty cases were ascertained. Comparing the highest vs. the lowest tertile of adherence, the OR [95% CI] for frailty was 0.43 (0.25-0.74; p-trend = .003) for the hPDI, and 2.89 (1.73-4.84; p-trend < .001) for the uPDI. Higher consumption of healthy plant foods was inversely associated with frailty (0.39 [0.23-0.66; p-trend < 0.001]); higher consumption of unhealthy plant foods was associated with higher frailty risk (2.40 [1.23-4.71; p-trend = .01]). In older adults, the hPDI was associated with lower risk of frailty, while the opposite was found for the uPDI.

Keywords

diet qualityelderlyhealthy agingphysical impairmentAssociationConsumptionDietDiet qualityDiet, vegetarianDisabilityElderlyExtremityFrailtyFruitHealthy agingHumansIndependent livingMediterranean dietNutritionPhysical impairmentPhysical-activityPro-vegetarian patternProspective studiesVegetable intakeWomen

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal GeroScience due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 9/74, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Geriatrics & Gerontology.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 18.1, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-17, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 25
  • Scopus: 21
  • Europe PMC: 9

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-17:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 41.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 53 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 41.35.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 17 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 4 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/704331

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United States of America.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (RODRIGUEZ ARTALEJO, FERNANDO) and Last Author (SOTOS PRIETO, MERCEDES).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been SOTOS PRIETO, MERCEDES.