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Grant support

This research was supported by Simon Fougner Hartmanns Familiefond (BRK), the Lundbeck Foundation (grant R277-2018-260, CE), and a Carlsberg Foundation Young Researcher Fellowship (grant CF19-0303, NP-B, JJ, BRK).

Analysis of institutional authors

Flores Tellez, DanielAuthor

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April 10, 2025
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Downregulation of hypocretin/orexin after H1N1 Pandemrix vaccination of adolescent mice

Publicated to:SLEEP 47 (4): - - 2024-02-10 47(4), DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae014

Authors: Pagh-Berendtsen, Nicolai; Pavlovskyi, Artem; Flores Tellez, Daniel; Egebjerg, Christine; Kolmos, Mie Gunni; Justinussen, Jessica; Kornum, Birgitte Rahbek

Affiliations

Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Neurosci, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark - Author
Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Neurosci, Copenhagen, Denmark - Author

Abstract

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), characterized by the loss of hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) production in the lateral hypothalamus, has been linked to Pandemrix vaccination during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, especially in children and adolescents. It is still unknown why this vaccination increased the risk of developing NT1. This study investigated the effects of Pandemrix vaccination during adolescence on Hcrt mRNA expression in mice. Mice received a primary vaccination (50 mu L i.m.) during prepubescence and a booster vaccination during peri-adolescence. Hcrt expression was measured at three-time points after the vaccinations. Control groups included both a saline group and an undisturbed group of mice. Hcrt expression was decreased after both Pandemrix and saline injections, but 21 days after the second injection, the saline group no longer showed decreased Hcrt expression, while the Pandemrix group still exhibited a significant reduction of about 60% compared to the undisturbed control group. This finding suggests that Pandemrix vaccination during adolescence influences Hcrt expression in mice into early adulthood. The Hcrt mRNA level did not reach the low levels known to induce NT1 symptoms, instead, our finding supports the multiple-hit hypothesis of NT1 that states that several insults to the HCRT system may be needed to induce NT1 and that Pandemrix could be one such insult. Graphical Abstract

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Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-07-03:

  • WoS: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-03:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 8.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 8 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Denmark.