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This work was supported by the University of Valladolid under the "Analysis of outdoor methodologies in higher education" (acronyms in Spanish: AMALES) research project [External reference code: PROYEMER-2021-34].

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Caceres-Iglesias, JAuthor

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Application of the Delphi technique to a questionnaire on out-of-classroom training in initial teacher education

Publicated to:Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning. - 2024-01-28 (), DOI: 10.1080/14729679.2024.2310286

Authors: Parejo JLL; Cáceres-Iglesias J; Manrique-Benito M; Cortón-Heras MO

Affiliations

Univ Valladolid, Dept Didact Mus Plast & Corporal Express, Segovia, Spain - Author
Univ Valladolid, Dept Pedag, Plaza Univ 1, Segovia 40005, Spain - Author
Univ Valladolid, Dept Pedag, Segovia, Spain - Author

Abstract

Outings beyond the confines of the university classroom are still rare in Spain. They are an experiential learning practice that involve student teachers in their future professions through a reflective and critical approach. This study presents the process of designing and validating a questionnaire for ex-ante and ex post evaluations of outings. Use of the Delphi technique, with a panel of 17 experts, has provided it with both content validity and reliability. Data triangulation was performed by analysing descriptive statistics, the interpercentile range adjusted for symmetry, content validity coefficient, and the content validity ratio. The results obtained reflect that the items of the questionnaires are generally valid. The questionnaire is made up of several dimensions: motivation towards the outing, structure, academic organisation, relationship with the subject, the learning acquired, assessment of the spaces as an educational resource, emotional bonding and the evaluation, social value and definition of the outing.

Keywords

ChildreConnectednessConnectionCurriculumDelphi techniquDelphi techniqueHigher educationOutdoorOutdoor educationQuestionnaireTeacher education

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 300/760, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Education & Educational Research. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Education.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-20:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-20:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 28 (PlumX).