{rfName}
In

Indexed in

License and use

Citations

1

Altmetrics

Grant support

The authors would like to thank Novozymes and Ramiro Martinez for the generous gift of commercial lipases.

Analysis of institutional authors

Garcia-Garcia, PazAuthorSeñoráns, Francisco JavierCorresponding Author
Share
Publications
>
Article

Integrated Process for Schizochytrium Oil Extraction, Enzymatic Modification of Lipids and Concentration of DHA Fatty Acid Esters Using Alternative Methodologies

Publicated to:Marine Drugs. 22 (4): 146- - 2024-04-01 22(4), DOI: 10.3390/md22040146

Authors: Berzal, Gonzalo; Garcia-Garcia, Paz; Senorans, Francisco Javier

Affiliations

Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Sci, Food Sci Dept, Hlth Lipids Grp, Francisco Tomas Y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author

Abstract

Marine microalgae Schizochytrium sp. have a high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid that is attracting interest since it prevents certain neurodegenerative diseases. The obtention of a bioactive and purified DHA fatty acid ester using a whole-integrated process in which renewable sources and alternative methodologies are employed is the aim of this study. For this reason, lyophilized Schizochytrium biomass was used as an alternative to fish oil, and advanced extraction techniques as well as enzymatic modification were studied. Microalgal oil extraction was optimized via a surface-response method using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) obtaining high oil yields (29.06 +/- 0.12%) with a high concentration of DHA (51.15 +/- 0.72%). Then, the enzymatic modification of Schizochytrium oil was developed by ethanolysis using immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase (Novozym (R) 435) at two reaction temperatures and different enzymatic loads. The best condition (40 degrees C and 200 mg of lipase) produced the highest yield of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) (100%) after 8 h of a reaction attaining a cost-effective and alternative process. Finally, an enriched and purified fraction containing DHA-FAEE was obtained using open-column chromatography with a remarkably high concentration of 93.2 +/- 1.3% DHA. The purified and bioactive molecules obtained in this study can be used as nutraceutical and active pharmaceutical intermediates of marine origin.

Keywords
Aquatic organismsBiomassBrainDhaDocosahexaenoic acidsEnzymatic ethanolysisEnzymes, immobilizedEstersEthanolysisEthyl-estersFatty acidsFish oilsFish-oilFungal proteinsImmobilizationImprovementLipaseLipase b, candida antarcticaLipidsMicroalgaeNovozym (r) 435Novozym 435 ®Novozyme 435Novozym®435OilsPressurized liquid extractionSchizochytrium sp.SchizochytriumspSelectivityStramenopilesTriacylglycerols

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Marine Drugs due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 14/72, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Chemistry, Medicinal.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-05-02:

  • Scopus: 1
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-02:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 15.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 14 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 3.

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://repositorio.uam.es/handle/10486/718046
Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Berzal, Gonzalo) and Last Author (SEÑORANS RODRIGUEZ, FCO.JAVIER).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been SEÑORANS RODRIGUEZ, FCO.JAVIER.