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The authors thank Janka Biznarova and Daniel Perez Lozano for help with fabrication, Kazi Rafsanjani Amin for technical assistance and useful discussions, Lars Joensson for his help in making the sample holders, and Giulia Ferrini for her input regarding the reviewer comments. The device in this work was fabricated in Myfab, Chalmers, a micro- and nano-fabrication laboratory. The traveling-wave parametric amplifier (TWPA) used in this experiment was provided by IARPA and Lincoln Labs. This work was supported by Ericsson Research and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the Wallenberg Centre for Quantum Technology (WACQT). S.G. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council via Grant No. 101041744 ESQuAT. A.F.K. is also supported by the Swedish Research Council (grant number 2019-03696), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (grant numbers FFL21-0279 and FUS21-0063), and the Horizon Europe programme HORIZON-CL4-2022-QUANTUM-01-SGA via the project 101113946 OpenSuperQPlus100. A.V.V. and C.S.M. acknowledge support from the Proyecto Sinergico CAM 2020 Y2020/TCS- 6545 (NanoQuCo-CM), and MCINN projects PID2021-126964OB-I00 and TED2021-130552B-C21 and PID2021-127968NB-I00. C.S.M. also acknowledges the support of a fellowship from la Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434), from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 847648, with fellowship code LCF/BQ/PI20/11760026.

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Entanglement of photonic modes from a continuously driven two-level system

Publicated to:NPJ QUANTUM INFORMATION 11 (1): 69- - 2025-04-28 11(1), DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-00995-1

Authors: Yang, Jiaying; Strandberg, Ingrid; Vivas-Viana, Alejandro; Gaikwad, Akshay; Castillo-Moreno, Claudia; Kockum, Anton Frisk; Ullah, Muhammad Asad; Munoz, Carlos Sanchez; Eriksson, Axel Martin; Gasparinetti, Simone

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Abstract

The ability to generate entangled states of light is a key primitive for quantum communication and distributed quantum computation. Continuously driven sources, including those based on spontaneous parametric downconversion, are usually probabilistic, whereas deterministic sources require accurate timing of the control fields. Here, we experimentally generate entangled photonic modes by continuously exciting a quantum emitter - a superconducting qubit - with a coherent drive, taking advantage of mode matching in the time and frequency domain. Using joint quantum state tomography and logarithmic negativity, we show that entanglement is generated between modes extracted from the two sidebands of the resonance fluorescence spectrum. Because the entangled photonic modes are perfectly orthogonal, they can be transferred into distinct quantum memories. Our approach can be utilized to distribute entanglement at a high rate in various physical platforms, with applications in waveguide quantum electrodynamics, distributed quantum computing, and quantum networks.

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